Death

Death is a normal part of life. Each day thousands of people die. What are some theories about what happens after death? [heaven or hell, reincarnation, cease to exist, purgatory, ghosts/poltergeists, limbo, etc]

THE BIBLE MENTIONS AT LEAST

FOUR TYPES OF DEATH:

I. PHYSICAL DEATH: The end of physical life.

1. Caused by sin . Rom. 5:12 [show]Romans 5:12 Death in Adam, Life in Christ [12]Therefore, just as sin came into the world through one man, and death through sin, and so death spread to all men because all sinned-- (ESV)
   

2. Controlled by God. 1 Sam 2:6 [show]1 Samuel 2:6 [6]The LORD kills and brings to life; he brings down to Sheol and raises up.
   “The Lord kills and makes alive.”

3. Does not end one’s existence. Mt 22:32 “[God] is not the God of the dead but of the living.” [The intermediate state: conscious, corporal, rest or torment.]

4. Is inevitable. Ecc. 9:5 [show]Ecclesiastes 9:5 [5]For the living know that they will die, but the dead know nothing, and they have no more reward, for the memory of them is forgotten. (ESV)
   “For the living know that they will die.”

5. Happens only once, followed by judgment . Heb 9:27-28 [show]Hebrews 9:27-28 [27]And just as it is appointed for man to die once, and after that comes judgment, [28]so Christ, having been offered once to bear the sins of many, will appear a second time, not to deal with sin but to save those who are eagerly waiting for him. (ESV)
   [no 2^nd chance, no reincarnation]

6. Is an enemy. 1 Cor 15:26 [show]1 Corinthians 15:26 [26]The last enemy to be destroyed is death. (ESV)
   “The last enemy that will be abolished is death.”

7. Expressions:

8. Departed from this world 2 Tim 4.6 [show]2 Timothy 4:6 [6]For I am already being poured out as a drink offering, and the time of my departure has come. (ESV)
   

9. Going the way of all the earth Jos 23:14 [show]Joshua 23:14 [14]"And now I am about to go the way of all the earth, and you know in your hearts and souls, all of you, that not one word has failed of all the good things(1) that the LORD your God promised concerning you. All have come to pass for you; not one of them has failed. (ESV) Footnotes 1. [23:14] Or 'words'; also twice in verse 15
   

10. Gathered to one’s fathers or people Jud 2:10 [show]Judges 2:10 [10]And all that generation also were gathered to their fathers. And there arose another generation after them who did not know the LORD or the work that he had done for Israel. (ESV)
    ; Deut 32:50 [show]Deuteronomy 32:50 [50]And die on the mountain which you go up, and be gathered to your people, as Aaron your brother died in Mount Hor and was gathered to his people, (ESV)
    

11. Dissolving the earthly house of this tabernacle 2 Cor 5:1 [show]2 Corinthians 5:1 Our Heavenly Dwelling [5:1]For we know that if the tent that is our earthly home is destroyed, we have a building from God, a house not made with hands, eternal in the heavens. (ESV)
    

12. Kicked the bucket Hezekiah 1:23-4:56 [just kidding]

II. SPIRITUAL DEATH: Lack of spiritual life. Gen. 2:17 [show]Genesis 2:17 [17]but of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil you shall not eat, for in the day that you eat(1) of it you shall surely die." (ESV) Footnotes 1. [2:17] Or 'when you eat'
; Eph 2:1 [show]Ephesians 2:1 By Grace Through Faith [2:1]And you were dead in the trespasses and sins (ESV)

1. The Cause: lack of regeneration . This is the natural state for mankind. [The Bible refers to those in this condition as “natural” men. 1 Cor 2:14 [show]1 Corinthians 2:14 [14]The natural person does not accept the things of the Spirit of God, for they are folly to him, and he is not able to understand them because they are spiritually discerned. (ESV)
   ]

2. The Cure: regeneration: the impartation of spiritual life. Eph 2:4 [show]Ephesians 2:4 [4]But(1) God, being rich in mercy, because of the great love with which he loved us, (ESV) Footnotes 1. [2:4] Or 'And'
   But because of his great love for us, God, who is rich in mercy, made us alive with Christ even when we were dead in transgressions– it is by grace you have been saved.”

III. THE SECOND DEATH: The eternal state of the unsaved. Rev. 21:8 [show]Revelation 21:8 [8]But as for the cowardly, the faithless, the detestable, as for murderers, the sexually immoral, sorcerers, idolaters, and all liars, their portion will be in the lake that burns with fire and sulfur, which is the second death." (ESV)

1. After the GREAT WHITE THRONE judgment. Rev. 20:11, 15 [show]Revelation 20:11 Judgment Before the Great White Throne [11]Then I saw a great white throne and him who was seated on it. From his presence earth and sky fled away, and no place was found for them. (ESV) Revelation 20:15 [15]And if anyone's name was not found written in the book of life, he was thrown into the lake of fire. (ESV)
   

2. For all the unsaved. Rev. 21:8 [show]Revelation 21:8 [8]But as for the cowardly, the faithless, the detestable, as for murderers, the sexually immoral, sorcerers, idolaters, and all liars, their portion will be in the lake that burns with fire and sulfur, which is the second death." (ESV)
   “But the cowardly, the unbelieving, the vile, the murderers, the sexually immoral, those who practice magic arts, the idolaters and all liars– their place will be in the fiery lake of burning sulfur. This is the second death.”

3. Other terms for this: eternal fire, outer darkness, eternal punishment or destruction, the lake of fire and brimstone.

IV. FIGURATIVE DEATH: Using death as a descriptive term.

1. Death to self . 1 Cor. 15:31 [show]1 Corinthians 15:31 [31]I protest, brothers, by my pride in you, which I have in Christ Jesus our Lord, I die every day! (ESV)
   “I die daily.”

2. Death to sin . Rom. 6:11 [show]Romans 6:11 [11]So you also must consider yourselves dead to sin and alive to God in Christ Jesus. (ESV)
   “Count yourselves dead to sin but alive to God in Christ Jesus.”

3. Being “dead” to something implies being unresponsive to it, or that the thing has lost its power.

Conclusion:

Death will overtake all of us (unless the rapture happens first). We must be ready when the time comes by making sure that we are saved and by making our lives count while we are still alive.

Capital Punishment

The issue of capital punishment has recently been a topic of discussion because of the trial of Timothy McVeigh, the convicted bomber of the Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City. Some say that McVeigh should be put to death for his crime; others suggest that he should spend the rest of his life in prison so he can think about and agonize over what he has done. Some see capital punishment as barbaric and even anti-Christian. Others see it as the only way to preserve justice and social order. What does the Bible have to say about the issue?

The Biblical Basis for Capital Punishment

1. OT passages clearly command it.

1. Gen 9:6 [show]Genesis 9:6 [6]"Whoever sheds the blood of man, by man shall his blood be shed, for God made man in his own image.
   “Whoever sheds the blood of man, by man shall his blood be shed; for in the image of God has God made man.” Murder is wrong because it is destroying one made in God’s image. Capital punishment is based on the Genesis account of creation. Note that this verse is pre-Law. It is a universal principle, not part of the Mosaic legislation. Thus it still applies.
2. Ex 21:24 [show]Exodus 21:24 [24]eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot, (ESV)
   f “But if there is serious injury, you are to take life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot, burn for burn, wound for wound, bruise for bruise.” Under the Mosaic Law, many offenses besides murder were to be punished by death of the criminal: rape, adultery, fornication, disrespecting one’s parents, witchcraft, cursing God, leading others to worship false gods, and giving false testimony, to name a few. Note that in a capital case, two or three eye witnesses of the crime were required for conviction (Deut 19:15 [show]Deuteronomy 19:15 Laws Concerning Witnesses [15]"A single witness shall not suffice against a person for any crime or for any wrong in connection with any offense that he has committed. Only on the evidence of two witnesses or of three witnesses shall a charge be established. (ESV)
   ). Circumstantial evidence was not sufficient grounds for death.

2. NT passages clearly expect it. NT authors presuppose the same basic view on capital punishment as the OT presents.

1. Rom 13:1 [show]Romans 13:1 Submission to the Authorities [13:1]Let every person be subject to the governing authorities. For there is no authority except from God, and those that exist have been instituted by God. (ESV)
   f: “He is a servant of God to execute his wrath on the wrong doer.” Rulers are ordained by God to carry out justice. At the time Paul wrote this, capital punishment was a common practice.

2. Jesus reaffirmed the principle in the Sermon on the Mount. Matt 5:21 [show]Matthew 5:21 Anger [21]"You have heard that it was said to those of old, 'You shall not murder; and whoever murders will be liable to judgment.' (ESV)
   f: “You have heard that it was said to the people long ago, ‘Do not murder, and anyone who murders will be subject to judgment.’ But I tell you that anyone who is angry with his brother will be subject to judgment.” The judgment he refers to is capital punishment. Jesus also recognized the power of governmental authorities over the lives of citizens. John 19:10-11 [show]John 19:10-11 [10]So Pilate said to him, "You will not speak to me? Do you not know that I have authority to release you and authority to crucify you?" [11]Jesus answered him, "You would have no authority over me at all unless it had been given you from above. Therefore he who delivered me over to you has the greater sin." (ESV)
   : “Do you refuse to speak to me?” Pilate said. “Don’t you realize I have power either to free you or to crucify you?” Jesus answered, “You would have no power over me if it were not given to you from above.”

3. The ruling Jews believed they had the authority to implement capital punishment. They killed Stephen (Acts 7:59 [show]Acts 7:59 [59]And as they were stoning Stephen, he called out, "Lord Jesus, receive my spirit." (ESV)
   ), James (Acts 12:1-2 [show]Acts 12:1-2 James Killed and Peter Imprisoned [12:1]About that time Herod the king laid violent hands on some who belonged to the church. [2]He killed James the brother of John with the sword, (ESV)
   ) and Jesus because they had the authority to carry out capital punishment.

Thus we see that God’s system of moral justice is the same in both testaments. While the Mosaic Law is no longer in force, the mandate given to Noah is, and requires capital punishment for murder. The NT, including the teaching of Jesus, does not overturn this mandate, but presupposes its continuing validity for all societies.

Note: Justice is the primary reason for capital punishment. A just order is disturbed by murder and only the death of the murderer can restore that justice. Restitution is not possible for murder, and reformation can at best only guarantee that the same act by the same man will not occur again. But nothing can satisfy justice in regard to murder except the death of the murderer (Gen 9:6 [show]Genesis 9:6 [6]"Whoever sheds the blood of man, by man shall his blood be shed, for God made man in his own image.
). Whether or not capital punishment deters crime is really not the issue.

Some Objections to Capital Punishment

1. Jesus and the case of the woman caught in adultery (John 8:11 [show]John 8:11 [11]She said, "No one, Lord." And Jesus said, "Neither do I condemn you; go, and from now on sin no more."]] (ESV)
   f): The OT stipulations for adultery is death for both parties involved. Yet it seems that in this case Jesus did not enforce the punishment that was proper. Hence, some argue that Christians should be more interested in forgiveness and mercy than in a just punishment for crime. [See example #1] But note the following facts:

1. According to the Law, the death sentence could be carried out only if two or three witnesses testified to the crime. In this case, no one brought any charge against the woman (.10-11). Jesus said in Matt 5:17 [show]Matthew 5:17 Christ Came to Fulfill the Law [17]"Do not think that I have come to abolish the Law or the Prophets; I have not come to abolish them but to fulfill them. (ESV)
   that he did not come to abolish the Law of Moses but to fulfill it. He followed it quite strictly. If the witnesses would have testified against the woman, the people would have had every right to stone her (and her partner).

2. This scenario was a trap the Jews set up, hoping that Jesus would upset either the Romans or the Jewish people. If he insisted on the death penalty as required by the Law, he would be ignoring Rome’s authority, which reserved the right of execution for itself. If he waived the death penalty, he would be breaking the Mosaic requirements. Jesus’ actions in this case avoided both potential problems.
2. Forgiveness and Grace: Some argue that capital punishment is unchristian because it ignores God’s forgiveness through Christ’s death. Christ fulfilled the Law for all men, and He died on the cross for all sin. Thus, men are no longer punishable for their sins or crimes. [See examples #2-6] This objection is evidence of a misunderstanding of grace and forgiveness. Forgiveness does remove the penalty of sin, but not always the consequences of sin. God may forgive a drunk driver for his sin, but He won’t necessarily give him back his driver’s license or heal an injury that resulted from his drunkenness. Thus God may forgive a murderer (as He did in David’s case), but the consequences of the sin remain (as they did in that case).

3. Capital punishment is prone to abuse: Some say that it’s inevitable that innocent people will be put to death. While the above argument is true, the fact that mistakes will be made is not a good argument for doing away with it completely. Doctors, airline pilots, army generals, and presidents all make mistakes, often with fatal results. Yet no one suggests getting rid of these professions. Fallible judgment does not eliminate the need for men to exercise good judgment in applying moral and social justice.

4. Capital punishment is barbaric, inhuman, and has no place in civilized society. We should be more interested in rehabilitation than in vengeance. Such a sentiment is simply a rejection of biblical morality and justice. The person who committed the crime was inhuman, not the society that makes the criminal pay for his crime. In fact, the death of the criminal is good for society. If nothing else, at least the criminal won’t commit any more crimes.

Conclusion: Capital punishment implies a very high regard for individual human life. Man is so valuable as an individual that anyone who tampers with his sacred right to live must face the consequences of losing his own life.

The death penalty protects society from the hardened murderer and is an appropriate and fitting punishment for the most heinous of crimes. As we’ve seen, the Bible as a whole supports the practice. Any argument brought forward to end capital punishment either rejects or ignores biblical truth.