Einführung in die Zehn Gebote

Nicht vor vielen Jahrzehnten waren die meisten Bürger der westlichen Kulturen sehr vertraut mit den Zehn Geboten und viel von dem Rest der Bibel. Lehrer beteten und zitiert aus der Bibel. Die Zehn Gebote wurden auf öffentlichen Plätzen-Klassenzimmer, Gerichtsgebäude, in öffentlichen Parks und Plätzen, Kirchen und veröffentlicht. Die Dinge haben sich geändert, drastisch. Public Displays der Zehn Gebote sind selten geworden. Sie haben gefehlt öffentlichen Klassenzimmern für viele Jahre, und Anti-Religion Gruppen wurden in einschüchternd Beamte in dem Herausnehmen aus öffentlichem Eigentum erfolgreich. Daher ist die Kenntnis der Zehn Gebote nicht mehr universell. Ganz selten ist die Person, die heute noch aufsagen kann die Hälfte von ihnen.

Comedian Jay Leno in seiner "Jaywalking"-Segment, fragte kürzlich die folgenden:

"Wie viele Gebote gibt es?"
"Zehn!"
"Kannst du einer von ihnen?"
"Freiheit der Rede!"

Solche Verwirrung und Unwissenheit mag humorvolle, aber es ist auch aufschlussreich. Unkenntnis des Gesetzes führt zu Gesetzlosigkeit. Ohne ein Verständnis der grundlegenden moralischen Erwartungen, wird jeder tun, was recht ist in seinen eigenen Augen (Jud 17:6), das wird in Chaos enden. Weiterhin sind säkularisierten Menschen oft nicht bereit, die Idee, dass die Moral mehr als persönliche Meinung ist, zu betrachten. Selbst diejenigen, die etwas über die Zehn Gebote kennen in der Regel ignorieren sie oder von ihnen denken als bloße Anregungen. Standards der öffentlichen Sittlichkeit stürzen, als Menschen zu ignorieren, Vernachlässigung und entlassen biblischen Erwartungen, wie sie in den Zehn Geboten aufgelistet. Ohne transzendenten, ewigen Normen, wird das menschliche Verhalten zunehmend unmenschlich, barbarisch und wild.

Die Bedingungen sind nicht viel besser in der Kirche, als sie in unserer säkularen Kultur. Ganz ein bisschen Umblättern würde für den durchschnittlichen Gläubigen zu finden, wo die Zehn Gebote in der Bibel aufgeführt sind erforderlich. Eine noch schwierigere Aufgabe ist das Verständnis der Bedeutung OT Gebote haben für NT Gläubigen. Sind die Zehn Gebote noch in Kraft? Alle von ihnen? Warum bzw. warum nicht? Wie ist die Beziehung zwischen dem Gesetz und dem Evangelium?

Warum ist es wichtig für uns die Zehn Gebote zu studieren? John Bunyan gibt uns die Antwort: "Der Mann, der nicht weiß, das Wesen des Gesetzes kann nicht wissen, das Wesen der Sünde. Und wer kennt nicht das Wesen der Sünde kann nicht wissen, die Natur des Erlösers. " ¹ Die OT Gesetz zeigt uns, unser Bedürfnis nach dem Erlöser. Es überzeugt uns von der Sünde und treibt uns zu Christus. So würden wir mit Paul zustimmen, wenn er "das Gebot ist heilig, gerecht und gut" (Röm 7,12), sagt. Wir müssen bestätigen die anhaltende Legitimität, Gültigkeit und Notwendigkeit des Gesetzes Gottes auf das menschliche Verhalten zu führen.

Die Nutzung der OT Gesetz für NT Believers

Vor Beginn unserer Studie der einzelnen Gebote, sollten wir zuerst prüfen, wie NT Gläubigen zu verstehen und anzuwenden OT vereinbar sind. So laßt uns überlegen, diese Frage zuerst.

Viele Christen sind über den Einsatz der OT Law verwechselt. Folgen wir es oder nicht? Ist es immer noch in Kraft oder nicht? Welche Teile davon sollten wir folgen? Wenn wir nicht darauf folgenden, von welchem ​​Wert ist das?

Diese Lektion ist für die Erkundung, was die OT Law ist und wie es derzeit gilt für NT Gläubigen.

I. Bedeutung des Wortes "Gesetz"

Die Zehn Gebote sind ein kleiner Teil der OT Recht. Wir finden mehrere Verwendungen des Wortes "Gesetz" in der Bibel. Einige der Verwendungen des Begriffs:

A, Gottes allgemeine moralische wird in der Bibel zum Ausdruck gebracht (AT und NT); göttliche Befehle im weitesten Sinne (Röm 7:25).

B. Die moralischen Prinzipien der Zehn Gebote nicht mit Sinai beginnen, sie sind als ewig und unveränderlich wie der sehr heiligen Charakter Gottes selbst (1 Petr 1,16). ²

C. Die OT Mosaic-Code (mit oder vor allem die 10 Gebote), dh die Gesamtheit von Regeln und Vorschriften, die Gott gab Moses für Israel (Röm 2.14 a; 2:17; 3:21, 28; 7:12; Gal 04.21, 5:3).

D. Schrift im allgemeinen (insbesondere die OT). Also: "das Gesetz" (Mt 5,18; 12,5; Lk 2:27; 10.26; 16,17; Röm 3:19), "das Gesetz und die Propheten" (Mt 5:17); " das Gesetz des Herrn "(Lk 2:23, 24, 39);" das Gesetz des Mose "(Lk 2,22;. vgl. auch Apg 28,23)," Moses und die Propheten "(Lk 24:27) . Die dreifache Formel "Mose und die Propheten und die Psalmen" tritt auch (Lk 24:44).

E. Das "Gesetz Christi" (1 Kor 9,21; Gal 6:2)

Eine Regel, Prinzip oder Kraft (Röm 2.14 b, 3:27, 7:2, 21, 23, 8:2)

Verschiedene Formen von menschlichen Gesetzen, die von Menschen durch menschliche Regierungen oder Sitte vorschrieb (Lk 20.22, Apg 19:38)

II. NT Lehre über die OT Law

A. Das Gesetz (dh die Mosaic-Code) erweitert ", bis John" der Täufer (Mt 11:13), danach kommt das Evangelium Christi.

B. Christus ist nicht gekommen, das Gesetz aufzuheben, sondern um es (Mt 5:17) zu erfüllen. Es ist unmöglich, dass irgendein Teil des Gesetzes verschwinden würde (Mt 5,18-19). Jesus erwartet seine Zuhörer auf, das Gesetz zu halten. Es ist wichtig, sich daran zu erinnern, dass Jesus gelebt und gedient unter dem Gesetz. Das Ende des Gesetzes kam mit dem Tod Christi, das zerrissene Schleier symbolisiert das Ende des levitischen System (Mk 15.38; Heb 6:19, 9:3, 10:20). Jesu Erfüllung des Gesetzes die Voraussetzungen für die Kirche Alter.

C. Das Gesetz kann durch diese beiden Befehle zusammenfassen: Liebe Gott und liebe deinen Nächsten (Mt 22:34-40). Paulus sagt, dass Liebe erfüllt das Gesetz (Röm 13:10).

D. Christen stehen nicht unter der OT Law. Beachten Sie die folgenden Verse in diesem Zusammenhang: Apostelgeschichte 15:10, 19; Rom 6:14, 7:1-6, 10:4; 2 Kor 3:7-18; Gal 3,10-13, 3:24-25, 5:1; Eph 2,15; Col 02.14

1. Was bedeutet es, "unter" dem Gesetz? Es bedeutet, vorbehaltlich ihrer Regeln und Vorschriften werden, verantwortlich zu sein, um es zu haften, seine Strafen, und verpflichtet, es zu gehorchen.
2. Die Israeliten waren "unter" dem Gesetz in dem Sinne, dass es direkt angewendet, um sie, und Gott erwartet, dass sie es anwenden und es befolgen. Er segnete Gehorsam und bestraft Ungehorsam.
3. An der Jerusalemer Konzil (read Apostelgeschichte 15:5-11, 19-21, 29), die Jünger ausdrücklich verwarf die Idee, dass Gentile Gläubigen, alle Bestimmungen des OT Law beobachten muss.
4. Das Buch von Galater widerlegt die Vorstellung, dass die Beibehaltung der OT Gesetz ist ein Mittel des Heils. Diejenigen, die sich unter dem OT Gesetz würde gelegt haben (Gal 5:4) "aus der Gnade gefallen." Paulus sagt, dass er "dem Gesetz gestorben" (Gal 2:19) und dass diejenigen, die das Gesetz befolgen will unter dem Fluch des Gesetzes (Gal 3:10). Christus hat der Gläubige aus dem Gesetz (Gal 3:13) erlöst. Die Gläubigen sind nicht mehr unter die "Schulmeister" (Gal 3:25). Das Gesetz ist ein "Joch der Knechtschaft", mit denen wir nicht zu "verstricken" (Gal 5:1). Diejenigen, die vom Geist geführt werden, sind nicht unter dem Gesetz (Gal 5:18). Paul könnte kaum deutlicher sein in dieser Angelegenheit.
5. Einige Juden, wie Paulus (1 Kor 9:19-23) bestimmt, um die Rituale der OT Law beobachten, zumindest gelegentlich, einfach als nicht-Offensive, um diejenigen, die sie versuchen zu erreichen waren. Zu anderen Zeiten ausgeübt Paul seine Freiheit aus den gleichen Ritualen und Einschränkungen (vgl. Gal 2,11-21).
6. Das Gesetz des Mose ist eine Einheit, ein unteilbares, Alles-oder-Nichts-Angelegenheit. Die Bibel macht einen Unterschied zwischen Teilen des Gesetzes. Die Menschen erkennen im allgemeinen die verschiedenen zivilen, zeremoniellen und moralischen Aspekte des Gesetzes, aber diese Kategorien nicht einzeln stehen, sie sind Teile des Ganzen. Man kann nicht einfach aussuchen, die Teile, die Sie mögen und ignorieren den Rest.. Das ist genau das Paulus in Galater 5:3-4-wenn man sich beschneiden zu lassen zustimmen, erklären Sie sich das ganze Gesetz, was bedeutet, dass Sie lehnen die Erlösung durch den Glauben an Christus bedeutet, zu gehorchen.

Die typischen Unterschiede in der OT Recht erkannt:

Feierliche: Angebote mit Opfern, Ritualen, Reinigungen und andere religiöse Aktivitäten in Christus erfüllt

Civil: Regeln Umgang mit den gesetzlichen Vorschriften, die Theokratie; regiert nationalen Israel

Moral: Angebote mit zeitlosen moralischen Prinzipien wie die 10 Gebote

Zitat: "Gott hat sich mit dem mosaischen Gesetz vollständig, sowohl die [Zivil-,] zeremonielle und die moralische Teile. Er beendete sie als Code und ersetzt ihn durch einen neuen Code, "das Gesetz Christi" (Gal 6:2). Einige Gebote in das Gesetz Christi sind die gleichen wie die in dem Gesetz des Mose (z. B. neun der zehn Gebote, ohne den Befehl zu beobachten, den Sabbat-Tag). " ³

E. Christen sind unter dem Gesetz Christi

Rom 8:2 Denn das Gesetz des Geistes des Lebens in Christus Jesus hat dich frei gemacht vom Gesetz der Sünde und des Todes.

1 Kor 9.21 für diejenigen, die ohne Gesetz sind, wie einer ohne Gesetz (nicht ohne Gesetz vor Gott, sondern unter dem Gesetz zu Christus), dass ich diejenigen, die ohne Gesetz sind, gewinne könnten;

Gal 6,2 Einer trage des anderen Last, so erfüllt ihr das Gesetz Christi.

Was ist das Gesetz Christi? Es ist das Regelwerk und die Erwartungen von Jesus gelehrt und erweitert durch die NT Autoren. Es ist die christliche Herrschaft des Lebens, im wesentlichen, die Lehre des NT Briefe. Im Gegensatz zu den Mosaic-Code, den Ritualen und arbeitet betont, betont das Gesetz Christi Gnade und Liebe (vgl. Joh 1:17, 13:34). Wir dienen "in der Neuheit des Geistes und nicht im alten Wesen des Buchstabens" (Röm 7:6). Das Gesetz Christi deckt alle Bereiche des Gläubigen das Leben ebenso wie die Mosaic-Code für die OT Gläubigen tat.

III. Die Interpretation der OT Law

Während wir sollten nicht importieren NT Ideen in die OT in unsere Interpretation, betrachten wir NT Lehre bei der Anwendung OT Prinzipien. Unsere Anwendung der OT sollte durch NT-Objektive gelesen werden. Welche Prinzipien noch in NT Zeiten gelten? Welche Teile hat Christus erfüllt oder erreicht? Welche Teile sind nur noch Schatten und Symbole?

IV. Die Werte der OT Law

A. Das Gesetz ist "heilig und gut" (Röm 7,12), eine der Gaben Gottes an Israel (Röm 9:4).

B. Die gesetzlich vorgesehenen Standard der Gerechtigkeit (Dtn 4:8; Psalm 19:7-9). Das Gesetz offenbart die Gerechtigkeit, Heiligkeit und Güte Gottes (Dtn 4,8; Lev 11:44-45; 19.02; 20:7; Röm 7,12-14).

Beachten Sie die Quote: Gottes Gesetz bildet die Grundlage und die Parameter für die bürgerlichen und politischen Freiheit. Hier finden wir zeitlose Weisheit, die den täglichen Diskurs zu regulieren ist und gibt Sinn und Zweck zu Leben und Werk. ⁴

C. Das Gesetz trat ", dass die Sünde mächtiger würde" (Röm 5,20; vgl. 7:8-13;. 1 Kor 15.56 b), und um "beschränken" Männer unter dem Gesetz und der Sünde, ohne Aussicht auf entweichen, bis Christus kommen sollte (Gal 3.22 f.). Das Gesetz stellt die verblüffende Erkenntnis der Sünde, die nicht speichert (Röm 3:20; 7:7), aber es ruft ein Hilferuf in seinen verlorenen Zustand (Röm 7:24), ein Schrei, die effektiv nur beantwortet werden kann durch Jesus Christus (Röm 7:25). ⁵

Rom 03.19 Jetzt wissen wir, dass alles, was das Gesetz sagt, es denen, die unter dem Gesetz sind, damit jeder Mund verstopft werde und alle Welt vor Gott schuldig sei, sagt.

Rom 7.13 Hat dann, was gut ist mir zum Tod geworden? Sicher nicht! Aber die Sünde, dass es Sünde erscheinen mag, war die Herstellung der Tod in mir durch, was gut ist, so dass die Sünde durch das Gebot überaus sündig werde.

1 Tim 1.09 zu wissen: dass das Gesetz nicht für eine gerechte Person, sondern für Gesetzlose und aufsässig, den Gottlosen und Sündern, den Unheiligen und profan, für Mörder von Vätern und Mörder von Müttern, den Totschlägern , ...

Hinweis: In einer evangelistischen Berufung, muss man den Sünder Sündhaftigkeit zu betonen. Ein Vergleich der Person Lebensstil an die Erfordernisse der 10 Gebote und die Lehre Jesu über die Bergpredigt wird oft bei der Enthüllung des Sünders völligen Verderbtheit hilfreich.

Luther: Das Gesetz muss auf diejenigen, die gerechtfertigt werden verlegt werden, dass sie möglicherweise in das Gefängnis davon stillgelegt werden, bis die Gerechtigkeit des Glaubens kommt, dass, wenn sie unten sind und durch das Gesetz gegossen gedemütigt, sie sollten zu fliegen Christi. Das Gesetz demütigt sie, nicht ihre Zerstörung, sondern auf ihre Rettung. Denn Gott woundeth daß Er wieder zu heilen. Er tötet, damit er wieder beleben. ⁶

Luther: Solange eine Person nicht ein Mörder, Ehebrecher, Dieb, hätte er schwören, dass er gerecht ist. Wie wird Gott zu demütigen, wie eine Person, außer durch das Gesetz? Das Gesetz ist der Hammer des Todes, den Donner der Hölle und der Donner des Zornes Gottes bringen den stolzen und schamlose Heuchler. .... Solange eine Person denkt, er hat Recht, er wird sein unbegreiflich stolz und überheblich. Er wird Gott hassen, verachten Seine Gnade und Barmherzigkeit, und ignorieren die Verheißungen in Christus. Das Evangelium von der freien Vergebung der Sünden durch Christus wird nie zu den selbstgerechten ansprechen. Dieses Monster von Selbstgerechtigkeit, das halsstarrig Tier, braucht eine große Axt. Und das ist, was das Gesetz ist, eine große Axt. Entsprechend den richtigen Gebrauch und die Funktion des Gesetzes ist es, zu bedrohen, bis das Gewissen ist zu Tode erschrocken. ⁷

D. Die vielleicht wichtigste Zweck des Gesetzes ist es, Menschen zu Christus führen. Das Gesetz ist ein paidago4gos ", Schulmeister, Lehrer, Wächter" (Gal 3:24,25). Die paidago4gos war in der Regel ein Sklave, dessen Aufgabe es war, die Schüler zur Schule bringen und zu überwachen sein Verhalten im Allgemeinen. Die OT Gesetz diente diesem Zweck-it statt Autorität bis zur Ankunft Christi. Paul stellt klar, dass nach dem Glauben kommt, "sind wir nicht mehr unter dem Zuchtmeister" (Gal 3:25).

E. 2 Tim 3,16 Alle OT ist Offenbarung, profitable Material, mit Lehre und Erziehung in der Gerechtigkeit.

F. 1 Kor 10.11 Jetzt sind alle diese Dinge geschehen zu ihnen Beispiele, und sie uns zur Warnung geschrieben.

Gute zitieren: Es ist möglich, zu dem Schluss, dass, da es unnötig, das Gesetz halten, um gerettet zu werden, ist es unnötig ist, die Aufmerksamkeit auf das Gesetz zu zahlen aus irgendeinem Grund. Allerdings war Paul nicht drängen seine Bekehrten zu ihrem alten Testaments zu brennen. Das Gesetz hat Werte, wie er zuvor darauf hingewiesen, ... unter der Gnade sind wir frei, das Gesetz indem sie einander lieben zu erfüllen. [Vgl.. Ro 13:10.] Für den Christen das mosaische Gesetz hat offenbarende Wert (2 Tim 3,16-17), obwohl er keinen rechtlichen Wert, Controlling unser Verhalten. ⁸

V. Schwächen des OT Law

A. Das Gesetz kann nicht gespeichert werden. Erlösung war nie auf Gehorsam gegenüber dem Gesetz, sondern auf Gottes Gnade und den Glauben des Menschen in Gottes Verheißungen (Rom 4:1-3). Es gibt keine Wahrheit, um die Behauptung, dass unter der OT-System, die Menschen durch Werke (Gal 2:16) gespeichert wurden.

B. Die grundlegende Schwäche des Gesetzes ist, dass seine einzige Antwort auf die Sünde, sie zu verbieten und zu verurteilen ist. Das Recht kann nicht Sünde zu überwinden, weil sie auf die Kooperation des Fleisches (dh autonomen menschlichen Natur), die schwach ist (Röm 8:3), unfähig, des Gehorsams ab.

C. Das Gesetz ist im Wesentlichen ein Brief, die tötet, ein Joch waren die Juden nicht ertragen (Röm 7:6; Apostelgeschichte 15:10). Im Gegensatz dazu ist das Leben des neuen Bundes der Geist, der lebendig (2 Kor 3:6) macht. Was das Gesetz verlangt nur durch den Geist, weil das Werk Christi (Röm 8:4) gewonnen werden.

D. Der Hebräerbrief zeigt, dass der alte Bund des mosaischen Gesetzes nur vorübergehend sei und durch das Kommen Christi, dessen Ministerium auf (1) ein besseres Priestertum, eine nach der Ordnung des Melchisedek, die überlegen Aarons ist ersetzt worden , und (2) eine bessere Bund mit besseren Verheißungen (siehe Hebr 7-10). Der Alte Bund war nur ein Schatten der himmlischen Dinge, und wenn es der Lage gewesen wäre, um Menschen vollkommen vor Gott zu machen gäbe es keinen Anlass für einen zweiten oder neuen Bund wurden (siehe Heb 7:11-12; 8,1-13) . ⁹

Heb 7.19 Denn das Gesetz hat nichts zur Vollkommenheit, aber das bringt in einer besseren Hoffnung hat, durch die, die wir ziehen nahe zu Gott.

VI. Warum nicht statt sich nach dem Gesetz?

Viele heute stark behaupten, dass zumindest einige der Regeln und Vorschriften aus dem Alten Testament noch sind bindend für Christen. Sie behaupten, dass Christen sollten OT moralischen Vorgaben zu beachten, wenn möglich. Sie sagen, dass wir zwar nicht, indem sie das Gesetz gerettet sind, haben wir das Gesetz zu halten, als Mittel der Heiligung. Die OT Gesetz wird in der Regel des Lebens für die Gläubigen. Gott gab den Regeln für einen Grund, so muss es einen gewissen Wert behalten sie.

Beispiele: Speisevorschriften, Kleidung Richtlinien Säugling Beschneidung, die Beobachtung der Samstag Sabbath

Was gilt für diejenigen, die sich unter dem OT Law statt?

A. Sie sind die Verletzung der richtige Gebrauch des Gesetzes (read 1 Tim 1:9).

B. Sie ignorieren die Tatsache, dass das Gesetz gesamte Gehorsam verlangt (Gal 3:10, zitiert Deut 27:26). Es ist illegitim zu holen, und wählen Sie diejenigen Elemente, die es scheinen "anwendbar."

C. Paul sagt, dass, wenn man aus dem Gesetz wurde durch den Glauben an Christus geliefert, um bewusst von sich selbst unter ihrer Kontrolle Ergebnisse in "Falling from Grace" (Gal 5:4). In anderen Worten, um zurück auf die rechtlich eine Ablehnung Christi.

D. Um zurück zu dem Gesetz gehen, wie ein Weg des Lebens stellt eine unter der Kontrolle des Fleisches, es hebt wahre Spiritualität im Glauben an den Heiligen Geist und Niederlagen des Gläubigen. Es ergibt sich der Herrschaft der Sünde der Natur oder des Fleisches (Gal 5,1-5; Col 2.14 f). ¹⁰

E. Um zurück zu dem Gesetz ignoriert alle NT Aussagen sagen die Gläubigen, dass sie nicht unter dem OT Recht.

VII. Ist die christliche ohne Gesetz (dh, gesetzlos, antinomistische)? Nr. Gnade und Vergebung sind keine Lizenz zur Sünde.

Gal 5,13 Für Sie waren Brüder zur Freiheit berufen, nur verwenden Sie nicht die Freiheit für einen Vorwand für das Fleisch, sondern durch die Liebe diene einer dem andern.

Gal 6,2 Einer trage des anderen Last, so erfüllt ihr das Gesetz Christi.

Titus 2:11-14 Denn die Gnade Gottes, die heilsame hat allen Menschen erschienen, Lehre uns, dass leugnen Gottlosigkeit und die weltlichen Lüste, sollten wir uns besonnen, gerecht und fromm in dieser Welt;

Heb 1.09 [Christus] Gerechtigkeit geliebt und Gesetzlosigkeit gehaßt ...

1. Johannes 3,4 Wer Sünde tut auch Unrecht, und die Sünde ist die Gesetzlosigkeit.

Table of Contents

• Einleitung: Die Interpretation der OT Gesetz für NT Christen
• Gebot Nr. 1: No Other Gods
• Gebot Nr. 2: Keine Graven Images
• Gebot Nr. 3: Kein Missbrauch des Namens Gottes
• Gebot Nr. 4: Gedenke des Sabbats
• Gebot Nr. 5: Honor Your Parents
• Gebot Nr. 6: Du sollst nicht morden
• Gebot Nr. 7: Du sollst nicht ehebrechen
• Gebot Nr. 8: Stehlen Sie nicht
• Gebot Nr. 9: Do Not Lie
• Gebot Nr. 10: Haben nicht begehren

Primäre Ressourcen

Written in Stone von Philip Graham Ryken (Crossway, 2003)

Pathway to Freedom von Alistair Begg (Moody, 2003)

Das Gesetz der vollkommenen Freiheit von Michael S. Horton (Moody, 1993)

Andere Quellen wie oben

Bibel Umfrage Lektion 7: Joshua

Die Eingabe des Gelobten Landes

Inhalt: Das Buch Josua erstreckt sich über 30 Jahre der Geschichte Israels, betonte ein Fünf-Jahres-Zeitraum von Feldzüge Josuas. ¹ Das Buch macht genau da, wo Mose aufgehört: Israel wird durch den Jordan an der Schwelle zum Eintritt in das Gelobte lagerten Land. Joshua erzählt die Geschichte Israels Eroberung des Landes und ihrer Siedlung in sie.

Gott zugewiesen Joshua die Aufgabe der Zerstörung der kanaanäischen Königreiche und Bewegen der Israeliten in ihr Land. Kapitel 7 und 20 zeigen, dass die Israeliten völlig zerstören die Kanaaniter, die innerhalb der Grenzen des Gelobten Landes waren. Joshua zerstört 31 wichtigen Städten oder Reiche in allen (12:24). Danach wurde jeder Stamm verantwortlich für die benannten Gebiet zu betreten und zu zerstören alle Kanaaniter dort gelassen. Leider haben viele der Stämme nicht oder konnte nicht root die Kanaaniter. Dieser Fehler würde beweisen, um die Israeliten für viele Jahre zu kommen Schwierigkeiten.

Joshua enthält viele bekannte Geschichten aus der Bibel: Rahab versteckt der Spione, die Trennung des Jordans, dem Fall der Mauern von Jericho, der Ungehorsam und die Zerstörung von Achan, und Kaleb, die Entschlossenheit.

Autorschaft: Zwar gibt es keine angegeben Autor des Buches, weist jüdische Tradition, die sie zu Josua. Es ist klar, dass er schreiben einige es wenigstens (24:25-26) getan hat. Der Autor war offensichtlich ein Augenzeuge der Ereignisse in dem Buch beschrieben. Das Datum der Urheberschaft ist um 1390 v. Chr.. Die Eroberung vermutlich um 1406 v. Chr. stattgefunden.

Titel: Der hebräische Text trägt die Überschrift Yehoshua. Das Wort "Joshua" bedeutet "Jahwe rettet" oder "Jahwe ist Heil." Der Titel daher passend beschreibt, was Gott Joshua zu tun pflegte, nämlich zu seinem Volk durch die Eroberung von Kanaan zu sparen und Partitionierung es Israel als ihre Heimat versprochen. ² Hinweis dass "Jesus" ist die griechische Form von "Joshua".

Zweck: die Eroberung des Landes Kanaan durch Israel aufnehmen und zeigen somit die Treue Gottes im Halten seiner Verheißung an Abraham Familie line segnen. ³ Part des Bundes mit Abraham (Gen. 12,2-3; cf 15:12. -21) beinhaltet eine bedingungslose Verheißung, dass Gott geben würde Abraham ein bestimmtes Land und viele Nachkommen. Das Buch Josua zeigt, dass Gott seine Verheißungen erfüllt.

Key Characters: Joshua, Caleb, Rahab

Key Words: Vererbung, besitzen

An Outline of Joshua

I. Die Invasion und Eroberung des Landes (1-12)

A. Eingeben von Canaan (1-5)

B. Die Eroberung Kanaans (6-12)

1. Zentral Eroberung

2. Süd-Eroberung

3. Northern Eroberung

II. Teilung des Landes (13-24)

A. Die Verteilung des Landes an die Stämme (13-22)

B. Die letzten Nachrichten von Joshua (23-24)

Jenuine Jems von Joshua

I. Gott hält seine Versprechen

Gott machte das Versprechen des Bundes mit Abraham Jahrhunderte vor ihrer Erfüllung. Obwohl so viel Zeit vergangen war, war Gott arbeiten die Dinge, seine Verheißungen zu erfüllen.

Anwendung: Gott hat NT Gläubigen viele Versprechungen, eine der bemerkenswertesten dass die Wiederkunft Christi. Obwohl viel Zeit vergangen, seit das Versprechen gemacht wurde, können wir sicher sein, dass Gott seine Verheißungen an uns halten. Gott ist treu und vertrauenswürdig.

II. Was unmöglich scheint, ist bei Gott möglich.

Nach zehn der zwölf Spione, war die Eroberung Kanaans gänzlich unmöglich. Doch das ist genau das, was Israel getan hat. Gott gab den Israeliten immer wieder die Macht zu tun, was sie nie von selbst getan haben.

[Israel war nicht gerade eine militärische Macht. Sie waren ehemalige Sklaven praktisch ohne militärische Erfahrung. Für sie, um das Land zu erobern, war unmöglich. ]

Anwendung: Wir können aufgefordert werden, das scheinbar Unmögliche in den Dienst Gottes zu tun. Doch Gott wird sorgen für die nötige Kraft, um große Dinge in seinem Dienst zu erfüllen. Wir müssen stark sein und mutig, wie wir Gott dienen (Josh 1:9)

III. Gott die Sünde richtet.

A. Gott urteilt sündigen Nationen. Gott gebrauchte Israel den Götzendienst und böse kanaanäische Zivilisation zerstören. Die Kanaaniter "Maß der Sünde war nun" voll ", dh bereit, beurteilt werden (Gen 15:16).

B. Gott urteilt die Sünde im Leben von seinen eigenen Leuten. Achan lüstern nach einigen der Kriegsbeute und nahm einige für sich. Seine Sünde verursacht den Tod vieler Soldaten, weil es "die Sünde im Lager." Als seine Sünde entdeckt wurde, er und seine Familie wurden zerstört.

Anwendung: Die Gottlosen noch erwarten das Gericht Gottes. Diejenigen, die gerettet werden sollten erwarten, Züchtigung. Darüber hinaus haben Einfluss auf die Sünde anderer. Achans ganze Familie litten unter den Folgen von Achans Sünde.

IV. Gott ist gnädig.

Rahab, die Hure wurde ein Mitglied der israelitischen Nation. Obwohl sie eine sündige Person (einer Prostituierten), die inmitten einer sündigen Nation war, reagierte sie zu Gott im Glauben. Sie ist auch in Hebräer 11.31 als einer, der durch den Glauben gelebt erwähnt. Interessanterweise wurde sie ein Vorfahre von König David, und damit, Jesus (Mt 1:5).

Anwendung: Gott kann den schlimmsten Sünder und machen ihn zu einem Heiligen (vgl. Titus 3:3-5). Niemand ist darüber hinaus die rettende Gnade Gottes bietet. ZB "Unshackled" Radioprogramm.

Fazit:

Joshua sagt der israelischen Eroberung und Besiedlung in das Gelobte Land. Gott baut seine Treue zu seiner Verheißung an Abraham, der seine Familie ein großes Volk in das Land Kanaan zu zeigen.

Discussion:

1. Fassen Sie das Buch Josua. Die Eroberung und Teilung des Gelobten Landes.

2. Wie war Israel in der Lage, das Land zu erobern? Durch Gottes Hilfe. Sie waren nicht eine große militärische Macht an sich.

3. Was sind einige zeitlose Prinzipien, die wir von Joshua lernen, dass Gott seine Versprechen hält;?, Dass alle Dinge möglich sind bei Gott; zu stark und mutig sein, dass Gott die Sünde richtet, dass Gott gnädig ist,

Eine Umfrage der Schrift: Lektion 6 Deuteronomium

Engagement

Deuteronomium leitete seinen Namen von zwei griechischen Wörtern, Deuteros Bedeutung "zweiten" und nomos bedeutet "Gesetz". Das Buch ist wirklich ein Rekord von Moses 'Predigten über das Gesetz. ¹ Der hebräische Name ist "dies sind die Worte" (Myrbdh hla ).

Deuteronomium bietet einen Überblick über die Geschichte der Nation und eine Erneuerung des Bundes zwischen Gott und den Vätern der Nation über das gelobte Land, Kanaan gemacht. Der Schlüssel Gedanke, dieses Buch bis könnten zusammengefasst werden: ". Gott wird dich segnen, wenn ihr sein Wort hören, ihm zu gehorchen, und die Liebe Gottes aus dem Herzen" Moses "Ziel dieses Buches war, die das Volk Gottes zu einem neuen Engagement zu machen . Herrn ² Eine solche Re-Engagement für Gott notwendig war aus mehreren Gründen:

• Die Generation, die Ägypten verlassen hatten, waren nun tot ist.
• Die ^2. Generation benötigt, um das Gesetz zu hören und ihre eigenen Hingabe an Gott.
• Sie waren ungefähr nach Kanaan geben und versuchen, es zu erobern. Sie mussten vereinheitlicht werden.
• Nach der Eroberung des Landes, wurden sie zu einem niedergelassen Nation zu werden und sie würden neue Herausforderungen und Versuchungen Gesicht.
• Moses war im Begriff, pass off der Szene, und Joshua war kurz vor der Übernahme als Leiter.

[Wer war lebend aus der 1. Generation? Moses, Caleb, und diejenigen unter 20 Jahre alt Kades. Warum war es wichtig, diese Menschen drängen sich zu verpflichten, Gott zu gehorchen? Ihre Eltern hatten zuerst? Hand Wissen von Gott, aber sie können nicht. Lektion: Sie können nicht Ihr Leben auf dem elterlichen Glaubens. Sie haben eine eigene Beziehung zu Gott haben.]

Das Buch Deuteronomium ist für eine Reihe von Gründen wichtig. Jesus zitiert daraus (Matt 4:4), ebenso wie viele der OT und NT Autoren. Deuteronomium "steht als Quelle der biblischen geschichtlichen Offenbarung. Es ist eine wichtige Quelle für AT und NT Theologie. " ³

Der Aufbau des Buches folgt, dass der Vasallenverträgen typisch für das zweite Jahrtausend vor Christus. Das heißt, wenn ein König einen Vertrag mit einem Thema (oder Vasall) Land, folgte der Vertrag ein bestimmtes Muster. Deuteronomium folgt diesem Muster locker.

{A Vasall ist ein Thema, Person oder eines Landes. Der König oder herrschende Reich war auch als Lehnsherrn, dh, eine Nation, eine andere Nation in internationalen Angelegenheiten genannten Kontrollen, sondern ermöglicht es inländischen Souveränität. ⁴ }

Key words: zu halten, beobachten, denken Sie daran

Key-Zeichen: Moses und Joshua

Datum: um 1405 v. Chr., nach 38 Jahren umher in der Wüste

Die meisten der letzte Kapitel ist in der ^3. Person geschrieben. Joshua oder andere Redakteur muss dieser Teil hinzugefügt haben nach Moses starb.

Zwecke des Deuteronomium:

ü zu erklären oder erläutern das Gesetz

ü Förderung der neuen Generation in das Gelobte Land zu besitzen und Gott gehorchen (4:1-2; 6:3, 17-19, 24-25; 8:1; 10.12 bis 11.32 Uhr)

ü zu verhindern Urteil und fördern den Segen der Nation durch den Herrn, wie sie das Gelobte Land (6:15-19, 24-25; 7.04, 9-16; 15:4-6, 10) geben

Überblick über die Deuteronomium

Einleitung: Die historische Setting (1,1-4)

I. Ein Überblick über Gottes großen Taten (von 1.05 bis 04.43 Uhr)

II. Bewertung des Gesetzes, Befehle und Warnungen (4:44-26:19)

III. Covenant Renewal, Segen und Fluch (27:1-29:1)

IV. Zusammenfassung der Pakt verlangt: Gehorsam Renditen Blessings (29:2-30:20)

V. Übergang von Moses 'Führung zu Joshua (31-34)

Dynamische Richtung aus dem Buch Deuteronomium

I. Gott wünscht sich echtes Engagement.

Deuteronomium betont die Bedeutung einer echten Liebe zu Gott (6,4-6; 10.12; 11:13; 30:6). Interessanterweise konzentrieren sich die bisherigen vier Bücher des Pentateuch mehr auf externe Gehorsam als innere Haltung. Deuteronomium betont Herzen: Gottes Wort ist in ihren Herzen werden (5,29; 6:6); Mutlosigkeit beginnt im Herzen (1:28), und sie dürfen lieben und zu dienen Gott aus dem Herzen (4:29, 10: 12).

[Das war das Mittel des Heils in der OT-Gott von Herzen lieben. Einer war nicht durch die Teilnahme an dem Ritual allein gerettet. Die Geretteten in das Ritual teilgenommen, aber das ist nicht das, was sie gerettet. Die meisten von Israel war nicht wirklich gerettet.]

Anwendung: Nach außen Religion ist nicht akzeptabel zu Gott. Wir müssen eine echte Beziehung zu ihm und dient ihm aus ein Herz der Liebe.

II. Gott erwartet von seinen Leuten, seinem Wort zu gehorchen.

Moses wiederholt betont die Bedeutung der Gehorsam gegenüber Gottes Wort (11:27-28; 13:4; 27:10). Die Israeliten begangen hatte vergessen, sein Wort und wandte sich an Götzen, und unter Vernachlässigung des Gesetzes. Jetzt, an der Schwelle zur Eingabe des Gelobten Landes, müssen sie auf das Wort Gottes zurück und verpflichten sich, ihm zu gehorchen.

Anwendung: Wir müssen Gottes Wort zu gehorchen.

III. Gott ist gut.

Moses erinnert die Menschen von Gottes Güte, um sie bei der Bereitstellung sie aus der Sklaverei in Ägypten, wie er sie durch die Wanderschaft in der Wüste nachhaltig, und wie Er bereitet sie auf das Gelobte Land (vgl. 2:7) geben. Er fordert sie nicht auf den HERRN, und die großen Dinge, die er für sie getan hat vergessen. Israel hatte eine privilegierte Stellung bei Gott, und Moses drängt die Menschen zu Gott treu zu dienen und heilig sein, weil es. ⁵

Anwendung: Gott war gut zu uns. Er hat uns von der Macht und Strafe der Sünde ausgeliefert, erleidet er uns durch unser Leben, und er hat versprochen, uns einen Platz bei ihm. Aufgrund der Güte Gottes zu uns, sollten wir dankbar sein, und verpflichtet ihn.

IV. Gott segnet und sorgt für seine gehorsamen Menschen

Auch wenn Moses und die Männer von den Exodus nicht sehen wird das Land, Kaleb, Josua und das Volk der nächsten Generation sehen werden, geben und das Land (1:34-40). Gott will sein Volk mit dem Besitz des Landes (1:6-8a) segnen, wenn sie das Gesetz (5,29, 32-33) Willen zu gehorchen.

Anwendung: Blessing folgt diejenigen, die Gott zu vertrauen und ihm gehorchen. Obedience Erträge Segen.

V. God Judges Evil

As Moses recounts the history of the nation, it becomes very evident that God chastened them for their sin and lack of faith. When they should have entered Canaan, they refused to trust God and ended up wandering in the wilderness for nearly 40 years (2:1). Even Moses does not enter the Promised Land because of his disobedience (32:51-52). The Lord does promise to deliver his people from judgment if they turn again to him (repent) and listen to Him (4:29-31).

Application: God has not changed–He still judges evil. Those who sin will experience God's hand of chastening. Vgl.. Heb 12:5-7. We should repent when we sin.

+ Obedience results in blessings (28:1-6).

+ Disobedience results in cursings (28:15-19)

One of the clearest themes in the entire book is the idea of blessings of obedience and the curses of disobedience (points IV and V above). Chapters 27-30 are largely given over to explaining how God intends to bless the Israelites as they obey Him or how God intends to curse the nation if it disobeys Him (28:1-2f cf. 15f). Unfortunately, the rest of the OT shows how Israel decided to disobey (for the most part).

Note that the nature of the blessings and curses were physical . That is, the Israelites would prosper financially, militarily, and politically if they obeyed God. Likewise, the curses: if they disobeyed, God would strike them with poverty, let other nations overtake them, and disperse them from the land.

Can NT Christians expect the same sort of blessings and cursings? Warum bzw. warum nicht?

[No. Remember the nature of this agreement: it was between God and Israel. The same cannot be said of the relationship between God and the church. Israel is not the church. There is, however, a spiritual parallel of sorts. We will be blessed in a spiritual sense as we obey, and we will experience chastisement when we disobey. But we shouldn't expect political or financial gain to be the result of obeying God (contra health and wealth/prosperity theology).]

Abschluss

Deuteronomy has many lessons for modern believers. The blessings of obedience and the curses of disobedience are still in operation today. God is a rewarder of those who diligently seek Him, but God chastens those who sin. God displays His goodness and His patience with His people every day. And above all, God is pleased with those who seek after Him with all their hearts.

Discussion

1. Summarize the book of Deuteronomy. Review of the Law, Commands and Warnings, Covenant Renewal, Blessings and Cursings

1. What are some of the primary themes in the book? Obedience, blessings and cursings, God's goodness and power.

2. Why was it important for Moses to explain the Law and renew the Covenant with the people? Because it was a new generation; because they were on the verge of entering the Promised Land.

3. What are some important applications modern readers can make from Deuteronomy? That God desires genuine, heart-felt commitment; that God expects us to obey his word; that God is good; that God blesses obedience and judges sin.

A Survey of the Scriptures: Lesson 5 Numbers

Instructions for Israel

Like Leviticus, the book of Numbers doesn't often show up on lists of favorite Bible books. But Numbers, although rather obscure, contains a great deal of information about the history of Israel as well as many practical lessons that we can apply today. [In fact, several well-known Bible stories come out of Numbers. ]

News about Numbers

Name: The book is called “Numbers” because of the many statistics contained in it, such as tribal populations and the totals of priests and Levites. The Greek title in the translation of the OT (LXX) was arithmoi . The Latin Vulgate picked up on the Greek title and named the book Numeri from which the English acquires the name Numbers. The book also recounts two censuses taken in Israel. Interestingly, the Hebrew name for the book is bemidbar (rbdmb), the fifth word of the book, meaning “in the desert of.”

Theme/content: Besides many statistics and lists of things, Numbers contains information about (a) how Israel as a nation was to order itself as it traveled through the desert; (b) how the priests and Levites were to function as they traveled; (c) how they were to prepare themselves to conquer the Promised Land (Canaan). The book covers a 40 -year period from the giving of the Law at Sinai to the eve of the conquest of Canaan. The narrative sections demonstrate the successes and failures of the Lord's people as they conformed or did not conform to the Law. ¹ Numbers continues the account of God's faithfulness to his promise to Abraham to make his family a great nation. ²

Key word: wandering . Israel wandered in the desert for about 40 years. Weißt du, warum?

{Because of their lack of belief at KB.

Also remember that Israel was about 2 million people strong. Certain organizational strategies had to be implemented in order to move people efficiently. Israel was arranged by tribes around the Tabernacle, which was at the center of the camp. There was a fixed marching and camping order. Each tribe knew when to leave as the nation broke camp and marched, and where to set up camp when the march ended. ³ }

Key chapter: 14 – unbelief at Kadesh-Barnea

Key characters: Moses, Aaron, Joshua, Caleb, Korah, Balaam

An Outline of Numbers

I. The Journey from Sinai to Kadesh-Barnea (1-12)

A. Preparation

B. The journey itself

II. Israel in the Wilderness (13-19)

A. The crises of unbelief at Kadesh-Barnea

B. Laws after the crises

C. The rebellion of Korah and its results

III. The Journey from Kadesh-Barnea to Moab (20-36)

A. Incidents on the way to Moab

B. Incidents with Balaam

C. The census

D. New laws

Purposes of the Book of Numbers:

A. to fill-in the historical period from the Exodus and Sinai revelation to the preparations in Moab to enter the Promised Land

B. to explain that the 38 year period in the wilderness was a consequence for the unbelief of the older generation (Dt 1:35ff)

C. to demonstrate God's faithfulness and forbearance against the backdrop of Israel's unfaithfulness, rebellion, apostasy and frustration

D. to narrate the preparation of Israel for entry into the Promise Land by describing the journey from Sinai to the region beyond Jordan, and the legal decisions made in the wilderness ⁴

Implicit Instruction in Numbers:

1. God hates complaining . (11:1?2)

This was not the first instance of Israel complaining about something. They grumbled at the sight of Pharaoh's army on the banks of the Red Sea, about the bitter water at Mara, and about the lack of food and water in the desert. Such complaining aroused God's wrath.

Application: God still hates complaining, especially complaining about providential circumstances. See Phil. 2:14-15.

[Why is complaining such a detrimental attitude/action? It evidences a lack of trust in God. It also tends to spread.

When are you most prone to complain? What could you do to prevent a complaining attitude? Try to be thankful, not blame others, say nothing instead of talk, determine if your complaint is valid.]

2. God hates rebellion . (chs. 13-14, 16)

Chapters 13 and 14 tell the story of the reluctance of the people to enter Canaan after the discouraging report of the 10 spies. What was the result of the peoples' rebellion at this point?

[That whole generation died as they wandered thru the desert for 40 years.

What did these people base their decision on? 13:31 (on sight, appearance, size, circumstance). What should they have based it on? 14:8?9 (God's promises). ]

Chapter 16 tells the story of Korah, who, motivated by jealousy, challenged Moses' leadership. In response, Moses stated that this challenge was really rebellion against God, since God Himself had clearly placed Moses in the leadership position (16:11). God judged the rebels by causing the ground to open and swallow them up. Unfortunately, neither of these incidents cured Israel's inclination toward rebellion and complaint (16:41).

Applications: We can learn much from these incidents in the life of Israel.

We can trust God no matter what the circumstances .

While it seemed that the odds were against Israel, they still should have entered Canaan when God told them to. They should have realized that the God who plagued Egypt and opened the Red Sea could conquer the land for them. In the same way, we shouldn't be discouraged when circumstances seem to be against us. We should trust that God will make a way for us when we are following Him.

[Caution: They had something we don't: direct revelation and a prophet telling them exactly/specifically what to do, where to go, when to go, etc.]

Don't follow others who don't follow God .

250 leaders of Israel with their families died in the rebellion of Korah. Watch who you follow—you may end up sharing in their same end.

[Can you think of who suffered by following false prophets? Eg, Brand Davidians-David Koresh; Jim Jones.]

It's a serious thing to call into question or rebel against legitimate spiritual leadership .

Rebelling against God-given authority is a serious sin. If you've got a complaint or gripe against legitimate leadership, you'd better handle it in the right way.

[There are proper times to replace the leader: immorality, doctrinal deviation, not meeting the biblical criteria, etc. But even then you should deal with it in the biblically prescribed manner. ]

God always judges rebellion .

Korah and his followers learned first hand the high price of rebellion.

[If you are in rebellion, you can count on being chastised if you are a Christian. Remember what happened to the rebels in this case. You may experience similar results. ]

3. God hates idolatry . 25:1?4, 9

While staying near Moab, the Israelites were influenced to worship false gods. As a result, “the LORD's anger burned against them.” This was not the first time, nor would it be the last time, Israel worshipped other gods. The Babylonian captivity (586 BC) was largely the result of idolatry.

Application: While a true Christian will never actually worship other gods, he may be guilty of substituting something in place of God, or of giving something else God's rightful place. Further, believers must be careful who they let influence them. Limit your exposure to false doctrine.

[Remember that most of Israel were not actually believers at this point. Hence, getting them to do the right thing would be like getting a bunch of unsaved people to run the church right. ]

Abschluss

The book of Numbers has plenty of biblical principles that are applicable to modern believers. God hates complaining, rebellion and idolatry.

Discussion:

1. Summarize the contents of Numbers. Israel in the wilderness. They refuse to enter the Promised Land and start their 40 years wandering in the desert.

2. Why is it sometimes unwise to make decisions based on appearances? Doing so does not take God's power into consideration. God can do the impossible.

3. Why is rebellion against legitimate authority so serious? Because it's really rebellion against God, since all power comes from God.

4. Why is it so dangerous to allow the influence of false teachers in your life? Besides being a bad influence on you, you could end up suffering the same end as they do.

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A Survey of the Scriptures: Lesson 4 LEVITICUS

Holiness in Worship and Life

When was the last time you read through the book of Leviticus? Have you ever read it? This book is usually not high on the list of favorite Bible books, yet it contains many timeless principles that are applicable to us today.

Learning Leviticus:

Name : The name of the book comes from a Greek word meaning “that which pertains to the Levites .” The Hebrew name for the book comes from the first word, “and he called.” The Latin Vulgate rendered the Greek heading Liber Leviticus (Book of Leviticus) from which the English is derived.

[Who were the Levites? A descendant of the tribe of Levi, the tribe to which Moses and Aaron belonged; generally used as the title of that portion of the tribe which was set apart for the subordinate offices of the sanctuary service (1Ki 8:4; Ezr 2:70) as assistants to the priests. The Levitical order consisted of all the descendants of Levi's three sons, Gershon, Kohath, and Merari; whilst Aaron and his descendants constituted the priestly order. They were the special guardians of the tabernacle. It was their duty to move the tent and carry the parts of the sacred structure from place to place. They were given to Aaron and his sons the priests to wait upon them and do work for them at the sanctuary services. As being wholly consecrated to the service of the Lord, they had no territorial possessions.]

Theme: holiness . Because God is holy, God's people must be holy and their worship of God must be holy. The basic meaning of holiness is to be set apart and/or dedicated to God. The word “holy” or “holiness” is mentioned about 85 times in the book.

Leviticus goes into great detail about how both people and offerings must be perfect, without blemish. Lack of physical perfection somehow was associated with sin. Those who had diseases were banished from the camp, the place of God's presence. Further, the offerings (sheep, doves, and cattle) had to be perfect. The spiritual significance of all this is that God requires perfection . Since man cannot be perfect, he must sacrifice a perfect substitute.

Content: Most of the book describes the Levitical sacrificial system centered around the Tabernacle. [Describe the tabernacle.] The Mosaic Law governed nearly every aspect of life in the Theocracy. [Define theocracy.] Leviticus includes laws and regulations for worship, ceremonial cleanness, morality, holy days, the Sabbath year, etc. The book contains God's directions for Israel maintaining a right relationship with Him.

[I'm glad I don't live under this system. No church, no shrimp, no cotton/poly blends, etc.

While it had its drawbacks, those who trusted God loved the Law and the system. Also remember that this system was the only proper way to approach/worship God. If one wanted to be right with God, he had to convert to Judaism. Eg, Ruth.

Further, as we compare the regulations of Lev. with what is currently required, we should be reminded of dispensational truth, ie, that God has changed in His dealings with man over time and in accordance with new revelation.

Time, date, author are the same as the other books of the Pentateuch.]

Purposes of Leviticus:

A. Priests : To remind the priests who officiate before God that He must be treated as holy and honored before all the people (Lev 10:3)

B. Individual : To instruct the individual that he must come before God in worship through cleanness, atonement, and holy living

C. Nation : To remind the nation of their covenant obligations which are necessary for continued occupation of and blessing in God's land

D. Requirements : To present his redeemed, covenanted people with a collection of religious, civil, social, moral, and economic rules in order that the Holy God may continue to dwell amid an unholy people as He continues His work through them in the world.

E. Reveal : To reveal God in His holiness, righteousness, mercy, and sovereignty

F. Model : To demand that the Israelites live in a way that would show to the neighboring nations the true nature of holiness. ¹

Significance : Leviticus is referred to about 40 times in the NT. Many NT concepts are based on an understanding of the Levitical system. This is especially seen in the book of Hebrews. Leviticus also reveals important information about God's holiness that had not been revealed up to this point.

An Outline of Leviticus:

I. The five main offerings (1-7)

II. The ordination and work of Aaron and his sons (8-10)

III. Laws of cleanness (11-15)

IV. The Day of Atonement and tabernacle worship (16-17)

V. Moral laws (18-20)

VI. Regulations for priests, offerings and feasts (21-24)

VII. Crimes and punishments (24)

VIII. The Sabbath year, Jubilee, and slavery (25)

IX. Blessings and cursings (26)

X. Vows (27)

Lofty Lessons from Leviticus:

I. Our Worship must be Holy.

A. God is Holy. 11:44, 45; 19:2

Holy means separate, set apart, sacred.

B. God is to be worshipped in a specific way. The sacrificial system maintained the faithful believer's fellowship with God (4:20, 26, 31, 35). Forgiveness was granted based on the future work of Christ (Heb 9:26).

Some have taught mistakenly that God “covered” sin but did not really forgive sin under the OT system. Dies ist unwahr. If offered in true faith and obedience, sacrifice brought actual forgiveness and removal of guilt and punishment for sin. While forgiveness was ultimately based on Christ's sacrificial death, the OT sacrifice did remove sin and guilt. Sacrifice in that dispensation was the only appointed means of forgiveness and fellowship with God. One could not ignore the ritual and still have a right relationship with God.

Question: Did merely working the system save anyone?

[No, one had to have a heart attitude of faith in God. Many of the rules had more to do with citizenship in the nation of Israel than with faith in God. So one could be a “good Jew” by working the system, yet not have faith in God.]

C. Incorrect worship is unacceptable to God. 22:25b

Many people have the mistaken notion that they can worship God in any way they see fit, as long as they are sincere. Yet the Bible repeatedly teaches that one must approach God in the way that He has specified. Incorrect worship, though sincere and well-meaning, is simply unacceptable. See 1 Sam 15:22.

Application : God must be revered and worshipped. We cannot approach God in any way we want. Our worship should be reverent and obedient, in keeping with God's character and with biblical guidelines.

[Hence the character of our worship services: reverent, subdued, more intellectual than emotional, focusing on the character of God.]

II. Our lives must be Holy.

A. God's holiness is the basis for our holiness. 11:44, 45; 19:2; 20:7-8;

It makes sense that Israel, God's chosen people, would imitate God's character. If still makes sense for God's people to do so. Since God is holy, we should strive to be holy.

B. Holiness is measurable : conformity to the standard . The focus of Leviticus is an external obedience to the regulations. Obedience equals holiness. There is an external dimension to holiness. Notice the regulations in chapters 19?20. See also 1 John 2:3-6.

[There is little mention of being sorrowful for sin, of guilty feelings, of heart attitudes. This obviously doesn't negate the importance of heart attitude. I point this out because of the modern emphasis on heart/feelings over strict obedience. People think that as long as their motivations are pure, they can do what they want. This is false. God is concerned about heart attitudes, but He is also concerned about external obedience to His commandments.

There is a danger in equating obedience to the letter of the law with salvation or spirituality. But I think the danger of laxity/apathy is equally as great.]

Application : 1 Pet. 1:15?16. There are two aspects of holiness: separation from sin and dedication to God. Both of these should be evident in the Christian's life.

Abschluss

While the regulations in Leviticus, as part of the Law, no longer apply directly to NT believers, there are important principles that we can learn from the book. God is holy; therefore, believers must be holy. They must worship God in the correct manner and their lives should be holy.

Discussion:

1. Briefly summarize the contents of Leviticus. Laws and regulations for Israel to maintain a positive relationship with God.

2. Why do we insist on a worship style that is reverent and serious? Because our worship should reflect God's holy character.

3. What are the two aspects of holiness? Separation from sin and dedication to God.

4. Is holiness simply keeping the rules? No, one's heart attitude needs to be right as well. One must be dedicated to God, ie, have a desire to maintain a right relationship with God.

What are the primary lessons of Leviticus for Christians? That God is holy, that our worship of God must be holy, and that that we must live holy lives.

A Survey of the Scripture: Lesson 3: Exodus

EXODUS–THE DELIVERANCE AND INSTRUCTION OF THE NATION

Exodus is the story of the exodus of the nation of Israel from Egypt, and their subsequent reception of the Law in the wilderness. The word “exodus” is from a Greek word meaning “ exit .” Exodus picks up the story of God's providential care of His people after a silent period of 275 years.

At the conclusion of Genesis, Israel's population was about 75 . During the 275 silent years, Israel grew to about 2.5 million people and became enslaved to the Egyptians. Israel lived in Egypt for about 430 years.

The Law was Israel's constitution . Prior to this point, Israel was a people, but not an organized nation. With the giving of the Law, the people became a nation, organized with a legal system, rulers, procedures, policies, and a systematized religion.

Exodus is an important book for a number of reasons. It records much of the early days of Israel's history and the origins of Jewish religious practices. Further, nearly every OT book makes reference to the material contained in Exodus, as do many NT books.

[Again we see the interrelatedness of Scripture–if one part falls, so does all the rest.]

An Outline of Exodus:

I. The Exodus from Egypt and Traveling to Mt. Sinai (ch. 1-18)

A. Israel is enslaved. (1:8-14)

B. Moses is born and called. (ch. 2-4)

C. The nation is delivered from Egypt. (ch. 5-18)

1. God plagues Egypt.

2. God passes over Israel.

3. God leads the nation out of Egypt.

II. The Giving of the Law at Mt. Sinai (ch. 19-24)

A. The 10 Commandments (moral law)

B. Social and civil laws

C. Religious laws

III. The Tabernacle (ch. 25-40)

A. Its design

B. Its delay

C. Its completion

Important Facts about Exodus:

¨ Hebrew title: “These are the names,” which is the first phrase of the book. In the Greek (LXX) the book is named Exodus , emphasizing the departure (or exit) of Israel from Egypt.

¨ Author: Moses . Duet 31:9 “Moses wrote down this Law.” Cf also 1 Kings 2:3, Neh 8:1. Jesus called Exodus “the book of Moses” (Mark 7:10, 12:26).

¨ Date of the exodus: about 1445 BC. Both biblical and secular evidence support this date.

¨ Date of the writing of Exodus: probably while in the wilderness, around 1425 BC (Moses died in 1406).

¨ Key word: Redeem . God promised to redeem His people from bondage under Egypt (6:6). God also stipulated that every first-born child be redeemed with the sacrifice of an animal (13:13, 15).

¨ Key chapters: 12 – the exodus out of Egypt; 20 – the 10 Commandments

¨ Key characters: Pharaoh, Moses, Aaron, Joshua, Caleb

¨ Interpretive Difficulties: The date and route of the Exodus have been the subject of considerable debate. Sorting out the chronology, the places named, and the characters involved (especially the Egyptian pharaohs) has been very difficult.

Exciting Ideas from Exodus:

1. God is sovereign . God is clearly controlling the events played out in the pages of Exodus. Israel stayed in Egypt for as long as God wanted them there. The plagues of Egypt especially display God's power over nature and over mankind. Everything is following God's eternal plan. Read, eg, Ex 6:6 .

Modern Applications: God is still sovereign. He's in control of all things, and everything is following His divine plan. We may not understand why things happen, but we can trust that God is in control and working all things according to His will (Eph 1:11).

2. God is faithful to His promises . He will redeem His people. God had promised to give Canaan to Abraham. After over 400 years, and when Abraham's family had become a great nation, Israel was ready to enter the Promised Land. God is fulfilling His promise to Abraham to make his family into a great nation.

Modern Applications: We can trust God to come thru on His promises. Eg, 2 ^nd coming of Christ; rewards for the righteous/judgment for the wicked; trusting God to take care of you; trusting that God knows best and His word is true.

Interesting note: 4x in Exodus 7-8 we see the phrase “as the LORD had said.”

Also, God's redemption of Israel from Egypt is an illustration of the believer's redemption from sin. God will redeem those who trust in Him.

3. God has given us a standard to live by. The standard that controlled nearly every aspect of Jewish life was the Law of Moses. The 10 Commandments (Ex 20) summarize God's requirements for man.

Modern Applications: While we are not under the Mosaic Law, we still have a standard to follow–the Bible. There are many principles from the OT that still apply to us.

4. God has a particular place and plan for His people to worship Him. God designed the temple and gave detailed directions for the correct way to approach and worship Him. Read Ex 25:8-9.

Modern Applications: We must be very careful how we worship God. We must make sure our worship practices are biblical and appropriate. Some of the ways that people try to worship God today are inappropriate. Many think that as long as you are sincere, you can approach God any way you want. Not true.

The Westminster Confession (Chapter XXI) says: The acceptable way of worshiping the true God is instituted by himself, and so limited by his own revealed will, that he may not be worshiped according to the imaginations and devices of men, or the suggestions of Satan, under any visible representation, or any other way not prescribed in the Holy Scripture.

5. God hates complaining . The Israelites were repeatedly guilty of murmuring against the Lord (15:24; 16:2, 7, 8). They complained about the quality of food, the lack of water, and about Moses' leadership.

Modern Application: Don't complain or whine. These people were impatient and dissatisfied with God's treatment of them (read 16:8). Don't be guilty of the same offense.

Fazit:

At the beginning of Exodus, we find the Jews oppressed under their Egyptian taskmasters. By the end of the book, Israel has left Egypt, is heading toward the Promised Land under the leadership of Moses, and is organized as a nation with a governing constitution. Throughout the book we clearly see God's sovereign hand of guidance and protection for His chosen people. Thus God fulfills his promises to Abraham.

Discussion:

1. Summarize the contents of Exodus. Moses and the exodus from Egypt, the giving of the Law at Sinai, the pattern for the Tabernacle and for worship.

2. In what chapter of Exodus do we find the 10 Commandment? Chapter 20.

3. What does the detailed description of the Tabernacle tell us about how we are to worship God? It shows that God desires for us to worship Him in a certain way. We must insure that we follow the Bible in or worship practices.

4. How do we know that we no longer have to follow the directions for worship as given in Exodus? NT tells us so. Christ came to redeem us from the curse of the Law (Gal 3:13). Paul states plainly that we are no longer under the Law (Rom 6:14; Gal 5:18).

A Survey of the Scriptures: Lesson 2 Genesis

Genesis is a book about origins. It gives the account of the origins of mankind and his world, of the origin of sin and its curse, and the beginnings of God's plan to redeem man through His chosen people, Israel .

Genesis is not merely history. It is not intended to be a chronicle of events, a history for history's sake, or even a complete biography of the nation. It is a theological interpretation of selected records of the ancestors of Israel. Genesis explains the causes behind the results. The book records God-planned and God-directed history. ¹

Genesis describes FOUR MAJOR EVENTS:

1. creation 2. The fall of man

3. the flood 4. The Tower of Babel

Genesis describes FOUR IMPORTANT PEOPLE:

1. Abraham 2. Isaac

3. Jacob 4. Joseph

Note : Genesis records the history of actual people. It is not religious myth or legend.

[Why would some people suppose/believe that Genesis is a myth or legend? Because much modern science/philosophy disagree with it. We have to determine if we are going to believe what people say or what God says.]

Why is the book of Genesis so important?

1. It describes the origin of man. Vgl.. Gen 1:27

The fact that God created man gives him a purpose and meaning for life. Man's ultimate purpose is to honor and obey God. Evolution is random and meaningless. Attempts to integrate the biblical record with evolution are bound to fail because the two systems are basically contradictory.

[What are some ways that the Genesis account and evolutionary theory are contradictory? The existence of God; the age of the earth; the origin of species; the purpose/meaning of life. These are basic, essential contradictions.]

It's important that we retain a commitment to Genesis as an accurate account of what really happened. Genesis doesn't record events in scientific terms, but it is an accurate account. If it's not true, the Bible is not trustworthy.

2. Jesus believed that Genesis was true. Vgl.. Matt 24:37; John 8:58

[What if Jesus was wrong? He's no savior. Maybe he was just accommodating the ignorance of the people who surrounded him. Again, this calls into question his claim to be the savior and the Son of God.]

3. Other books draw on the contents of Genesis. Vgl.. Matt 1:2f

Genesis is quoted about 60 times in the NT in 17 different books. The other biblical writers act as if Genesis was actually, literally true. If Genesis is wrong, then the other writers were either ignorant or wrong, and in any case not to be trusted. The whole Bible stands or falls with Genesis. The book is foundational to all that follows it.

The Theme of Genesis

Genesis gives Israel the theological and historical basis for her existence as God's Chosen People. ² The theme of Genesis is God's providential care for His people . He created and sustained Adam, chose Abraham to be the patriarch of His people, and cared for this family from one generation to the next.

Genesis not only means 'beginning', but it is the book of beginnings. The book of Genesis gives us our historical point of reference, from which all subsequent revelation proceeds. In the book of Genesis all the major themes of the Bible have their origin. It is a book of many beginnings: in it we see the beginning of the universe, of man and woman, of human sin and the fall of the race, the beginning of God's promises of salvation, and the beginning of the nation Israel as the chosen people of God because of God's special purpose for them as the channel for the Messiah. In Genesis we learn about Adam and Eve, about Satan the tempter, about Noah, the flood, Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and Joseph and his brothers. But here we also have the beginning of marriage, family, work, sin, murder, capitol punishment, sacrifice, races, languages, civilization and the Sabbath. The Bible is, through and through, a historical revelation. It is the account of God's activity in history. ³

An Outline of Genesis:

1. God's providential care of mankind in general (1-11)

a. The Creation (1-2)

b. The Fall of Man (3-5)

c. The Flood (6-9)

d. The Nations (10-11)

2. God's providential care for the Nation of Israel (15-50)

a. Abraham (12-23)

b. Isaac (24-26)

c. Jacob (27-36)

d. Joseph (37-50)

Other Important Facts from Genesis:

1. The name Genesis is taken from the Septuagint (LXX), the Greek translation of the Old Testament. “Genesis” is from a Greek word meaning “beginning” or “origin.”

2. Key words:

ü Beginning . The Hebrew title is “in the beginning.”

ü Generations or account . A key word or phrase is “these are the generations of” or “this is the account of.” It is used some eleven times to introduce the reader to the next section which gives the narrative about what happened in connection with the key events and persons of the book from the creation of the heavens and the earth to all the patriarchs of Israel.

3. Key chapter: 12 – the Abrahamic covenant. God's agreement with Abraham and God's dealings with Abraham's family are the central emphasis of the book.

[By way of contrast, creation takes up only 2 chapters, and man's early history prior to Abe takes up only 9 more chapters. The other 39 chapters deal with Abe and his family.]

4. Key passage: 12:1-3, the Abrahamic Covenant .

Now the LORD had said unto Abram, Get thee out of thy country, and from thy kindred, and from thy father's house, unto a land that I will show thee: And I will make of thee a great nation, and I will bless thee, and make thy name great; and thou shalt be a blessing: And I will bless them that bless thee, and curse him that curseth thee: and in thee shall all families of the earth be blessed.

God promised to bless Abraham personally, to bless his descendants, and to bless the entire world through Abraham's family. This covenant was eternal and unconditional . The rest of Genesis (and the rest of the Bible) shows how God did exactly what He promised to do.

5. Author: Moses . Both Scripture and tradition attribute the Pentateuch to Moses.

[Briefly explain the documentary hypothesis--JEDP]

6. Time of writing: most likely after the Exodus and before Israel entered the promised land, probably during the forty years in the wilderness, around 1425 BC

Genesis is a highly organized, structured book. After the prologues, Genesis is divided into ten parts marked out by the formula: “This is the genealogy [or history] of ….” This heading is followed by a genealogy of the person named or by stories involving his notable descendants. ⁴

Genuine Gems from Genesis

1. There is only one God , the creator and sustainer of all things.

• Beginning with the opening lines of the book, the reader is faced with the Creator God, the One who made all things from nothing with the power of His will. This is the only one and true God. The first line of the book overturns all false views of God (eg, atheism, polytheism, pantheism).
• The world and the universe are dependent upon God. He created them and sustains them. They exist for God's pleasure and are under His control. God rules over all creation.
• God has revealed Himself in word and deed to man. His particular dealings are with the Jews. Genesis gives Israel the theological and historical basis for her existence as God's chosen people.

2. God desires to enter into a relationship of loving sovereignty with people.

• The majority of Genesis deals with a single family, that of Abraham and Sarah. The book records how God chose Abram and cared from his family. It is through Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob that the nation of Israel comes into existence.
• God promised Abraham's family an eternal seed, land and a kingdom. Genesis gives the background for the fulfillment of these promises.
• God requires that men trust and obey Him. Like Abraham, those who trust God are counted as righteous. God blesses those who follow him and curses those who don't.
• Part of God's requirement for maintaining a positive relationship with Him is substitutionary sacrifice for sin. From the very beginning, God required the shedding of blood to pay for sin. This foreshadows the final and ultimate sacrifice for sin when Jesus died on the cross.

3. God sovereignly controls all things, including the affairs of men.

• God displays His sovereignty throughout the entire book. He wills the universe into existence, creates the first people, destroys the earth with a flood, confuses the languages, and chooses Abram's family to be His people. God's hand of guidance is clearly seen again and again. Nothing happens randomly. God is firmly in control of all things. What God promises He is able to fulfill .
• A very prominent theme in Genesis is God's unconditional choice of the Israelite nation through Abraham, which is described in the Abrahamic covenant (12:1-3; 15:1-21).

Abschluss

Much of what is begun in Genesis is fulfilled in Christ . He is the seed who will destroy Satan. He is the ultimate offspring promised to Abraham. Because of their union with Christ, believers participate in many of the blessings God promised to Abraham. The paradise lost by the first Adam is restored by the last Adam, Jesus Christ. Genesis explains the origins of God's dealings with man and sets the stage for the rest of the Bible. If you don't understand this book, the remaining 65 books will be closed to you.

Diskussion

1. Summarize the book of Genesis. Creation, fall, flood, Babel, Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Joseph.

2. What is the major theme of Genesis? God's providential care for His people.

3. Who is the main character in the book? Other than God, Abraham.

4. Why is Genesis such an important book? Because it gives the origins of everything and sets the stage for the rest of the Bible. All the other biblical books are based on Genesis.

A Survey of the Scriptures: Introduction (Genesis-Esther)

INTRODUCTION: It is very important for Christians to get a general overview of the Bible because it is their source of faith and practice. This series is designed to examine the backgrounds and themes of Genesis through Esther.

[This is called a survey because we will hit just the highlights of the books we study, not much in depth. We'll talk about authorship, dates, some history, etc., and the main themes or messages of the books, but that's about it. So it will be a kind of “hit and run” series. ]

The Bible is God's written revelation of Himself to mankind. It was written by men who were “carried along” (2 Pet 1:21) by the Holy Spirit so that the autographs (ie, the original documents) were verbally and plenarily inspired and thus without error. Verbal inspiration means that every word of Scripture is inspired (Matt 5:18; 1 Cor 2:13), not just its thoughts or ideas. The Bible does not merely contain or reflect God's Word; it is God's Word in its entirety.

IMPORTANT FACTS ABOUT THE BIBLE:

1. The Bible is one book composed of 66 books. It was written over a period of about 1,500 years by some 40 different authors.

2. Each book has a definite purpose or theme . Each writer had a specific message for a certain audience. Our task is to find the theme and then apply the principles of each book to our lives.

[The theme is usually the author's purpose. Ie, why did he write? Eg, John 20:31]

3. The OT is composed of 39 books. They fit into the following categories:

* Law (Genesis – Deuteronomy; also called the Pentateuch or Torah)

* History (Joshua ? Esther)

* Poetry (Job ? Song of Solomon)

* Major Prophets (Isaiah ? Daniel)

* Minor Prophets (Hosea ? Malachi)

[What's the difference between major and minor prophets? They are not called the “minor” prophets because they are any less important; they are simply shorter books.]

The Old Testament lays the foundation for the coming of the Messiah anticipating Him as Prophet, Priest, and King and as the suffering Savior who must die for man's sin before He reigns.

The first five books of the OT are sometimes called the Pentateuch, which means “five books.” They are also known as the books of the Law because they contain the laws and instruction given by the Lord through Moses to the people of Israel. Moses wrote these books, except for the last portion of Deuteronomy (which tells of Moses' death). These five books lay the foundation for the coming of Christ. As God's chosen people, Israel became the custodians of the Old Testament, the recipients of the covenants of promise, and the channel of Messiah (Rom. 3:2; 9:1-5). ¹

4. The NT is composed of 27 books.

· Gospels (Matthew ? John): Tell the story of the coming of the long-anticipated Savior and His person and work

· History (Acts): Through the work of the Holy Spirit, Acts proclaims the message of the Savior who has come.

· Paul’s Letters (Romans ? Philemon) and General Epistles (Hebrews ? Jude): Develop the full significance of the person and work of Christ and how this should impact the walk of the Christian as Christ's ambassador in the world

·

Prophecy (Revelation, also called the Apocalypse): Anticipates the end time events and the return of the Lord, His end time reign, and the eternal state

IMPORTANT TERMS TO KNOW:

Inspiration: that supernatural influence whereby the Holy Spirit caused men to compose and record without error the very words of God's choosing as found in the original manuscripts (2 Tim 3:16; 2 Pet 1:21). God did this without overriding the individual personalities of the writers in the process. Inspiration technically applies only to the originals (1 Cor 14:37). Copies and translations are inspired to the degree that they accurately reflect the originals. Versions such as the KJV, NKJV, NASB, and NIV are accurate, reliable and suitable for personal reading and study.

[Remember that translations and versions are not the product of inspiration per se . The miracle of inspiration occurred only once–when God originally gave the material to the writers. Modern versions are inspired in a derivative sense, ie, in that they accurately reflect the originals, they are inspired.

Preservation is providential, not miraculous.]

Revelation: the content of God's communication to man; the facts and ideas that God wanted recorded in Scripture.

General revelation : information that comes to all men generally. General revelation is a universal witness to God's existence, power and deity (Rom 1:20). All men know God because of creation (Ps 8:1?3, 19:1?6; Rom 1:18?20) and conscience (Rom 1:18?21, 2:14?15). General revelation is not sufficient for salvation. Man is condemned because he perverts and rejects what knowledge of God he has.

Special revelation: information disclosed to a specific individual or group. The Bible is special revelation. Scripture is sufficient for man's condemnation, salvation, and sanctification (John 17:17, 20:31; Rom 10:14?17; Heb 1:1?2).

Canonicity : the historical process whereby God, through the Holy Spirit, directed His people to recognize and collect the inspired writings. The word “canon” means “ standard ” or “rule.” A book that is canonical is part of the standard or canon. Only those books which bore the marks of canonicity were included in the canon. Man did not determine which books were canonical (they were canonical the moment they were penned); he simply recognized which ones were. The canon is comprised of the sixty-six books of the Old and New Testaments (1 Pet 3:16; 1 John 4:6; Rev 22:18?19). Der Kanon wurde permanent mit dem Schreiben des Buches der Offenbarung am Ende des ersten Jahrhunderts n. Chr. (Rev 22:18-19) geschlossen. Because the canon is closed, we don't believe that God is currently issuing direct revelation to anyone.

Tests of Canonicity

Have you ever wondered why certain books were included in the canon? How could the early believers tell that the works of Isaiah, Paul or Peter were inspired and authoritative? They employed several tests of authenticity:

OT: Because of the old age of the OT, what tests believers used to recognize the inspired writings from all others is hard to determine. For all Scripture, the ultimate proof is the testimony of the Holy Spirit to the authority of His own Word in the heart of the community of believers. The OT authors were “holy men of God” who spoke (or wrote) as the Holy Spirit carried them along (2 Pet 1:21). God insured that His people would recognize and receive His inspired Word. God's people recognize God's writing. Although we know that it occurred, we may never understand the exact mechanism of this process.

NT: The early church apparently employed the following tests to help them recognize the inspired books from those not inspired:

1. Apostolicity —written by an apostle or the close associate of an apostle. For example, Luke, the author of Luke and Acts, was a close associate of the apostles.

2. Catholicity —universal (the word “catholic” means “universal”) recognition by believers. The book was relevant to all and accepted by all.

3. Orthodoxy —agreement with the faith of the church. “Orthodox” means “straight” or “right.” A book had to conform to the faith that the church had already received.

4. Traditional Usage —customary employment by the church in worship and teaching. Believers found the book to be edifying and used it in their services.

What About Other Books?

Along with both the inspired OT and NT books were written other religious books that most believers did not think were inspired. These books are usually called the Apocrypha . Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox traditions include several apocryphal books in their Bibles that Protestants do not recognize as canonical. Protestants reject the Apocrypha because they do not pass the tests of canonicity listed above, although it may be profitable to read them. ²

Where Is God's Word Today?

If God's Word is true and if He has preserved it, it stands to reason that we should be able to obtain a perfectly accurate copy of it. So where is it? In what text is God's Word perfectly preserved?

Unfortunately, the autographs (ie, the original documents) no longer exist. Further, because imperfect people have been responsible to copy and care for the text, small errors or inaccuracies have been introduced into it. So it's impossible to point to one version or one text as the absolutely perfect copy of the preserved Word of God. [3.There are no two ancient copies of the text that are absolutely identical. Before the introduction of the printing press, creating an absolutely perfect copy was virtually impossible. Small, minor variations always creep in to hand made copies.] Where is God's Word perfectly recorded? In the many existing Hebrew and Greek manuscripts. It's the job of textual scholars and translators to compare all the textual evidence and put together the best possible version. For common use, versions such as the KJV, NKJ, NASB, or NIV are accurate and dependable. ³

Interpretation : the process of arriving at the correct understanding of Scripture. Man sollte jedem Durchgang nach seiner grammatischen, historischen, literarischen und theologischen Kontext zu interpretieren. The central message of the Bible is essentially clear (Ps 119:105, 130). [5.The theological word for this truth is “perspicuity,” which means “essentially clear.”] Anyone can determine the basic meaning of Scripture through proper methods of interpretation. However, only saved individuals can grasp the significance of Scripture (1 Cor 2:14). Theologians sometimes use the word hermeneutics to describe the art and science of interpretation.

Abschluss

It's essential for us to learn the central truths of the Bible. But the goal is neither mere academic knowledge nor the accumulation of facts. The goal is to get to know God better, to know ourselves better, and to better be able to serve God. Had God not preserved His Word, it would have disintegrated into the dust of the Middle East long before now. But because God promised that His Word “shall stand forever” (Isa 40.8), we can be confident that we have it in an accurate and dependable form today.

Discussion:

1. How do you find the theme of a book? [Try to figure out the author's purpose for writing. Sometimes this is stated outright, but normally you have to make an educated guess at why the author wrote. Study Bibles and commentaries usually have such info.

2. What are three names for the first 5 books of the Bible? [Pentateuch, Torah, the Law]

3. Define the process of inspiration. [Inspiration is that supernatural influence whereby the Holy Spirit caused men to compose and record without error the very words of God's choosing as found in the original manuscripts.]

4. What's the difference between general revelation and special revelation? [General extends to all people, while special was given to a select group.]

5. What is the canon? [That group of books recognized as God's word. “Canon” means “rule” or “standard.”]

6. What do we call the other books that are included in some Bibles but that most Protestants do not recognize? [the Apocrypha]

The Use of the OT Law for NT Believers ¹

Viele Christen sind über den Einsatz der OT Law verwechselt. Folgen wir es oder nicht? Ist es immer noch in Kraft oder nicht? Welche Teile davon sollten wir folgen? Wenn wir nicht darauf folgenden, von welchem ​​Wert ist das?

Diese Lektion ist für die Erkundung, was die OT Law ist und wie es derzeit gilt für NT Gläubigen.

Meaning of the word “law”

Part of the confusion on this issue stems from the multiple uses of the word “law” in the NT. Einige der Verwendungen des Begriffs:

1. God's general moral will expressed throughout the Bible (OT and NT); divine commands in the widest sense (Rom 7:25). The moral principles of the Ten Commandments did not begin with Sinai; they are as eternal and immutable as the very holy character of God Himself (1 Pet 1:16). ²

1. The OT Mosaic code (including or especially the 10 Commandments): the set of rules and regulations that God gave Moses for Israel. (Rom 2:14a; 2:17; 3:21, 28; 7:12; Gal 4:21, 5:3)

2. The “law of Christ” (1 Cor 9:21; Gal 6:2) refers to Jesus' teaching or NT truth in general.

3. Scripture in general (especially the OT). Also: "das Gesetz" (Mt 5,18; 12,5; Lk 2:27; 10.26; 16,17; Röm 3:19), "das Gesetz und die Propheten" (Mt 5:17); " das Gesetz des Herrn "(Lk 2:23, 24, 39);" das Gesetz des Mose "(Lk 2,22;. vgl. auch Apg 28,23)," Moses und die Propheten "(Lk 24:27) . Die dreifache Formel "Mose und die Propheten und die Psalmen" tritt auch (Lk 24:44).

4. A rule, principle , or force (Rom 2:14b, 7:2, 21, 23, 8:2)

5. Various forms of human laws, those prescribed by man through human government or custom (Luke 20:22; Acts 19:38).

6. Law in general (Rom 3:27 and possibly Rom 5:13b).

NT Lehre über die OT Law

1. The Law extended “until John” the Baptist (Mt 11:13); after that comes the gospel of Christ.

2. Christ did not come to abolish the Law but to fulfill it (Mt 5:17). It is impossible that any part of the Law would disappear (Mt 5:18-19). Jesus erwartet seine Zuhörer auf, das Gesetz zu halten.

Es ist wichtig, sich daran zu erinnern, dass Jesus gelebt und gedient unter dem Gesetz. The end of the Law came with the death of Christ, the torn veil symbolizing the ending of the Levitical system (Mk 15:38; Heb 6:19, 9:3, 10:20). Jesus' fulfillment of the Law set the stage for the church age.

3. The Law can be summarized by these two commands: Love God and love your neighbor (Mt 22:34-40). Paul states that love fulfills the Law (Rom 13:10).

4. Christians are not under the OT Law. NT authors, especially Paul, states this truth in no uncertain terms and in various ways:

Ac 15:10, 19 Now therefore why tempt ye God, to put a yoke upon the neck of the disciples, which neither our fathers nor we were able to bear? … Wherefore my sentence is, that we trouble not them, which from among the Gentiles are turned to God…

Ro 6:14 For sin shall not have dominion over you, for you are not under law but under grace.

Ro 10:4 For Christ is the end of the law for righteousness to everyone who believes.

Ro 7:1-6 Or do you not know, brethren (for I speak to those who know the law), that the law has dominion over a man as long as he lives? For the woman who has a husband is bound by the law to her husband as long as he lives. But if the husband dies, she is released from the law of her husband. ... Therefore, my brethren, you also have become dead to the law through the body of Christ, that you may be married to another—to Him who was raised from the dead, that we should bear fruit to God. … But now we have been delivered from the law, having died to what we were held by, so that we should serve in the newness of the Spirit and not in the oldness of the letter.

(Note: the entire book of Galatians is a response to the idea that we are saved through the keeping of the Law.)

Ga 3:10-13 For as many as are of the works of the law are under the curse; for it is written, “Cursed is everyone who does not continue in all things which are written in the book of the law, to do them.” But that no one is justified by the law in the sight of God is evident, for “the just shall live by faith.” Yet the law is not of faith, but “the man who does them shall live by them.” Christ has redeemed us from the curse of the law, having become a curse for us (for it is written, “Cursed is everyone who hangs on a tree”)…

Ga 3:24-25 Therefore the law was our tutor to bring us to Christ, that we might be justified by faith. But after faith has come, we are no longer under a tutor.

Ga 5:1 Stand fast therefore in the liberty by which Christ has made us free, and do not be entangled again with a yoke of bondage.

Eph 2:15 having abolished [to destroy, do away with; to render idle, inactivate, inoperative: to deprive of force, influence, power; to cause to cease, put an end to, do away with, annul; to pass away, be done away ] in His flesh the enmity, that is, the law of commandments contained in ordinances, so as to create in Himself one new man from the two, thus making peace.

Col 2:14 having wiped out [to eliminate, cancel, erase, blot out ³ ] the handwriting of requirements that was against us, which was contrary to us. And He has taken it out of the way, having nailed it to the cross.

1. Was bedeutet es, "unter" dem Gesetz? Es bedeutet, vorbehaltlich ihrer Regeln und Vorschriften werden, verantwortlich zu sein, um es zu haften, seine Strafen, und verpflichtet, es zu gehorchen.

2. The Israelites were “under” the Law in the sense that it applied directly to them; God expected them to apply it and obey it. Er segnete Gehorsam und bestraft Ungehorsam.

3. At the Jerusalem council (read Acts 15:5-11, 19-21, 29), the disciples specifically rejected the idea that Gentile believers need to observe the OT Law.

4. Einige Juden, wie Paulus (1 Kor 9:19-23) bestimmt, um die Rituale der OT Law beobachten, zumindest gelegentlich, einfach als nicht-Offensive, um diejenigen, die sie versuchen zu erreichen waren. Zu anderen Zeiten ausgeübt Paul seine Freiheit aus den gleichen Ritualen und Einschränkungen (vgl. Gal 2,11-21).

5. The Law of Moses is a unit , an indivisible, all-or-nothing proposition. The Bible never makes a distinction between parts of the Law. People typically recognize the different civil, ceremonial and moral aspects of the Law, but these categories do not stand individually; they are parts of the whole. Man kann nicht einfach aussuchen, die Teile, die Sie mögen und ignorieren den Rest.. Das ist genau das Paulus in Galater 5:3-4-wenn man sich beschneiden zu lassen zustimmen, erklären Sie sich das ganze Gesetz, was bedeutet, dass Sie lehnen die Erlösung durch den Glauben an Christus bedeutet, zu gehorchen.

Breakdown of the OT Law:

Ceremonial: deals with sacrifices, rituals, purifications, and other religious things fulfilled in Christ.

Civil: rules dealing with the government regulations, the Theocracy; governed national Israel.

Moral: deals with timeless moral principles like the 10 Commandments.

Quote: “God did away with the Mosaic Law completely, both the [civil,] ceremonial and the moral parts. He terminated it as a code and has replaced it with a new code, “the Law of Christ” (Gal 6:2). Some commandments in the Law of Christ are the same as those in the Law of Moses (eg, nine of the Ten Commandments, excluding the command to observe the Sabbath day).” ⁴

Christians are under the law of Christ

Ro 8:2 For the law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus has made me free from the law of sin and death.

1Co 9:21 to those who are without law, as without law (not being without law toward God, but under law toward Christ), that I might win those who are without law;

Ga 6:2 Bear one another's burdens, and so fulfill the law of Christ.

Was ist das Gesetz Christi? It's the set of regulations and commitments taught by Jesus and expanded by the NT authors. It's the Christian rule of life. In contrast to the Mosaic code, which emphasized rituals and works, the law of Christ emphasizes grace and love (cf. John 1:17, 13:34; 1 Jn 2:3-6). Wir dienen "in der Neuheit des Geistes und nicht im alten Wesen des Buchstabens" (Röm 7:6). Das Gesetz Christi deckt alle Bereiche des Gläubigen das Leben ebenso wie die Mosaic-Code für die OT Gläubigen tat.

Die Interpretation der OT Law

While we should not import NT ideas into the OT in our interpretation, we do consider NT teaching when considering application of OT principles. Unsere Anwendung der OT sollte durch NT-Objektive gelesen werden. Welche Prinzipien noch in NT Zeiten gelten? Welche Teile hat Christus erfüllt oder erreicht? Welche Teile sind nur noch Schatten und Symbole?

Die Werte der OT Law

1. The Law is “holy and good” (Rom 7:12), one of God's gifts to Israel (Rom 9:4).

2. The Law provided a standard of righteousness (Deut 4:8; Psalm 19:7-9). The Law revealed the righteousness, holiness, and goodness of God (Deut 4:8; Lev 11:44-45; 19:2; 20:7; Rom 7:12-14).

3. The Law entered “that the offense might abound” (Rom 5:20; cf. 7:8-13; 1 Cor 15:56b), and in order to “confine” men under Law and sin, with no prospect of escape until Christ should come (Gal 3:22f.). The Law produces the startling realization of sin which does not save (Rom 3:20; 7:7); but it calls forth a cry for help in one's lost condition (Rom 7:24), a cry which can be answered effectively only by Jesus Christ (Rom 7:25). ⁵

Ro 3:19 Now we know that whatever the law says, it says to those who are under the law, that every mouth may be stopped, and all the world may become guilty before God.

Ro 7:13 Has then what is good become death to me? Sicher nicht! Aber die Sünde, dass es Sünde erscheinen mag, war die Herstellung der Tod in mir durch, was gut ist, so dass die Sünde durch das Gebot überaus sündig werde.

1Ti 1:9 knowing this: that the law is not made for a righteous person, but for the lawless and insubordinate, for the ungodly and for sinners, for the unholy and profane, for murderers of fathers and murderers of mothers, for manslayers,…

Note: In an evangelistic appeal, one must emphasize the sinner's sinfulness . Ein Vergleich der Person Lebensstil an die Erfordernisse der 10 Gebote und die Lehre Jesu über die Bergpredigt wird oft bei der Enthüllung des Sünders völligen Verderbtheit hilfreich.

Luther: The Law must be laid upon those that are to be justified, that they may be shut up in the prison thereof, until the righteousness of faith comes—that, when they are cast down and humbled by the Law, they should fly to Christ. The Law humbles them, not to their destruction, but to their salvation. Denn Gott woundeth daß Er wieder zu heilen. He killeth that he may quicken again.? ⁶

4. Perhaps the most significant purpose of the Law is to lead men to Christ. The Law is a ??????????? , “schoolmaster, tutor, custodian” (Gal 3:24-25). The ??????????? was usually a slave whose duty it was to take the pupil to school and supervise his conduct generally. The OT Law served this purpose—it held authority until the coming of Christ. Paul stellt klar, dass nach dem Glauben kommt, "sind wir nicht mehr unter dem Zuchtmeister" (Gal 3:25).

5. 2 Tim 3:16 All of the OT is still revelation, still profitable material, still contains doctrine and instruction in righteousness.

6. 1Co 10:11 Now all these things happened unto them for examples: and they are written for our admonition.

Good quote: It is possible to conclude that since it is unnecessary to keep the Law to be saved, it is unnecessary to pay attention to the Law for any reason. Allerdings war Paul nicht drängen seine Bekehrten zu ihrem alten Testaments zu brennen. The Law has values, as he previously pointed out, … Under grace we are free to fulfill the Law by loving one another. [Vgl.. Ro 13:10.] For the Christian the Mosaic Law has revelatory value (2 Tim 3:16–17) even though it does not have regulatory value, controlling our behavior. ⁷

Weaknesses of the Law

1. The Law cannot save . Erlösung war nie auf Gehorsam gegenüber dem Gesetz, sondern auf Gottes Gnade und den Glauben des Menschen in Gottes Verheißungen (Rom 4:1-3). Es gibt keine Wahrheit, um die Behauptung, dass unter der OT-System, die Menschen durch Werke (Gal 2:16) gespeichert wurden.

2. The fundamental weakness of the Law is that its only answer to sin is to forbid it and condemn it. Law cannot overcome sin, because it depends on the cooperation of the flesh (ie, autonomous human nature), which is weak (Rom 8:3), incapable of obedience.

3. What the Law demands can be gained only by the Spirit on the basis of the work of Christ (Rom 8:4). The Law is essentially a letter that kills; the life of the new covenant is the Spirit who makes alive (Rom 7:6; 2 Cor 3:6).

4. The book of Hebrews demonstrates that the old covenant of the Mosaic Law was only temporary and has been replaced by the coming of Christ whose ministry is based on (1) a better priesthood , one after the order of Melchizedek which is superior to Aaron's, and (2) a better covenant with better promises (see Heb 7-10). The old covenant was only a shadow of heavenly things, and if it had been able to make men perfect before God there would have been no occasion for a second or new covenant (see Heb 7:11-12; 8:1-13). ⁸

Heb 7.19 Denn das Gesetz hat nichts zur Vollkommenheit, aber das bringt in einer besseren Hoffnung hat, durch die, die wir ziehen nahe zu Gott.

Warum nicht statt sich nach dem Gesetz?

Many today advocate observing some of the rules and regulations from the OT. They assert that Christians should observe OT moral stipulations whenever possible. Examples: dietary regulations, clothing guidelines, infant circumcision, observation of the Saturday Sabbath, various sexual restrictions.

Was gilt für diejenigen, die sich unter dem OT Law statt?

1. They are violating the proper use of the Law (read 1 Tim 1:9).

2. They ignore the fact that the Law demands entire obedience (Gal 3:10, quoting Deut 27:26). It's illegitimate to pick and choose those aspects of it that seem “applicable.”

3. Paul says that if one has been delivered from the Law through faith in Christ, to deliberately place oneself under its control results in “falling from grace” (Gal 5:4). In other words, to go back to the Law amounts to a rejection of Christ.

4. To go back to the Law as a way of life puts one under the control of the flesh ; it nullifies true spirituality by faith in the Holy Spirit and defeats the believer. It results domination by the sin nature or the flesh (Gal 5:1-5; Col 2:14f). ⁹

Is the Christian without law (ie, lawless, antinomian)? No.

Gal 6,2 Einer trage des anderen Last, so erfüllt ihr das Gesetz Christi.

Heb 1.09 [Christus] Gerechtigkeit geliebt und Gesetzlosigkeit gehaßt ...

1Jo 3:4 Whoever commits sin also commits lawlessness, and sin is lawlessness.

Discussion questions:

1. Some people preach that the keeping of the OT Law is a moral and spiritual obligation for the Christian. They say that keeping the Law of Moses is necessary for sanctification, ie, for living a holy life that is pleasing to the Lord. Although we are not saved by the Law, once we have been justified by faith, then the Mosaic Law becomes our rule of life. In other words, the OT moral Law still applies. Is this what the Bible teaches? No, we are not under any part of the OT Law—civil, ceremonial or moral. The OT Law is an all-or-nothing deal. Read Acts 15:10 and Gal. 5:1. Warning about Bill Gothard—major proponent of this error.

2. Jesus said (Mt 5:18f) that not even the smallest part of the Law would pass away until all is fulfilled. Doesn't that mean that the Law must still be in force? No, because Jesus fulfilled the Law. Mt 5:17 Think not that I am come to destroy the law, or the prophets: I am not come to destroy, but to fulfil. Ro 10:4 For Christ is the end ( telov ) of the law for righteousness to everyone who believes.

3. Why not just cut the OT out of our Bibles if we are not under the Law? The OT still has revelatory value, just not regulatory value. It's profitable (2 Tim 3:16) and gives us many examples to follow or to shun (1 Cor 10:11).

4. How do we know what parts or principles from the OT we can apply? Generally, by how they correspond to NT principles.

5. If the OT is not the Christian's rule of life, what is? The NT, the Law of Christ, grace. “The believer is now to live in the liberty and power of God's grace by the Spirit, not the rule of Law. This new liberty must never be used as an occasion to indulge the flesh or sinful appetites (Gal 5:13) nor does it mean the Christian has no moral Law or imperatives on his life, but simply that he or she is to live righteously by a new source of life.” ¹⁰

6. Why don't we keep the Saturday Sabbath? 1) We are not under the OT Law; 2) There is no particular virtue in recognizing one day over another (Col 2:16); 3) Saturday Sabbath keeping is a command not repeated in the NT. However, observing a day of rest is biblical. Observing the Lord's Day (Sunday) as a day dedicated to worship is proper. A “soft” or “modified” form of Sabbath observance allows other activities on the Lord's Day that focus one's attention on God or on the good things God provides. Various forms of recreation, if pursued with a thoughtful attitude, need not be prohibited on Sunday afternoons.

7. Does the Bible teach the necessity of circumcision? 1Co 7:19 “Circumcision is nothing and uncircumcision is nothing, but keeping the commandments of God [is what matters].” Galatians 5:6 “For in Christ Jesus neither circumcision nor uncircumcision means anything, but faith working through love.” Circumcision is no longer binding on Christians today. It may or may not be a good idea for health reasons, but the practice has no spiritual value.

1 For a very good discussion of this issue, consult Alva McClain's brief volume Law and Grace (BMH Books). This lesson updated April 08.

2 J. Hampton Keathley III , “The Mosaic Law: Its Function and Purpose in the New Testament” www.Bible.net

3 Swanson, J. (1997). Dictionary of Biblical Languages with Semantic Domains : Greek (New Testament) (electronic ed.) (GGK1981). Oak Harbor: Logos Research Systems, Inc.

4 Tom Constable. (2003; 2003). Tom Constables Expository Hinweise auf die Bibel (Ga 5:1). Galaxie Software.

5 NIDNTT

6 Quoted in R. Kent Hughes, The Sermon on the Mount: The Message of the Kingdom (Wheaton, Ill.: Crossway Books, 2001), 95.

7 Constable.

8 Keathley

9 Keathley

10 Keathley