第3课:盐和光(太5:13-16)

山上宝训

第1部分:王国主题 ​​(玛5:3-16)

门徒的独特性:

王国的公民都产生了积极影响

耶稣在八福的重点主要是在室内,如依赖,温柔,向往正义,慈悲,真实性和纯度的个人特点。 这些个人特质是私人的,但有公众的影响。 显示等特点将是明显的。 因此,耶稣现在的重点转移到外部,他的王国公民的公共特性。

耶稣讲道的性是显而易见的。 他的陈述:“你们是世上的盐”和“你们是世上的光”,旨在突出比较明显的隐喻表达。 王国的主题是在像盐和光像一些方法。 那些不“咸”和那些灯不亮在世界上提出,不辜负神圣的期望。 因此,通过充当无味,无法察觉信徒的警告。

  1. “你们是世上的盐。”

    1. 盐的意义:

      1. 防腐剂盐延误衰变和延缓恶化,它是一种防腐剂。 无需冷藏,腌制食品,维护他们的最好方式。盐防腐剂的质量可能是耶稣的主要想法。

      2. 风味增强剂盐添加风味。

      3. 与盐相关的其他想法:显然作为智慧的象征盐的拉比;白;辛辣;口渴生产。 催产素肉产品始终是经验丰富的“公约盐”(利2:13)。

    2. 比较:王国的公民都应该有一个自己的世界中的影响力 他们应取消或暂停道德沦丧,他们应该加强文化的“味道”。 在场的信徒应限制在世界上的邪恶。

“世界往往对分解和实际烂掉。 当世界留给自己,它溃烂和putrefies的邪恶的细菌,到处都是当前和积极。 我们生活在这个世界上,不断朝着趋于衰减。 有些人可能对世界的基督的结构看行不行,但他们的内心都烂掉,它仅仅是一个时间的问题,才倒下。 这表明我们教会:教会的功能,如盐,功能作为一个腐朽的阻燃和防腐剂在一个四分五裂的世界“。 2

    1. 一个潜在的条件:“失去品位,成为惰性。”盐“。已经失去了它的品味”的希腊字的字面意思是“成为愚蠢的”,但在这种情况下,IE浏览器,盐失去了它的能力 ,以完成其工作。 耶稣似乎在说谁失去其影响力在世界的信徒。 他们成为惰性,“鸡肋”,并无害。 盐的基督徒是平淡无味,添加无关的社会和无所事事,停止道德沦丧。 他们实际上可能是从周围的文化区分。 世俗的世界上有一个基督徒比基督徒对世界有更大的影响。 例子:我们如何从不同的世界,当谈到唯物主义? 道德? 诚实吗? 同情? 娱乐?

    2. 什么样的世界,我们生活在没有基督教的影响? 试想一下,多少差的条件,世界将会在没有作出的积极贡献和基督教的制约影响。

    3. 盐有很少或根本没有效果,如果它不应用于其他一些材料。 咸信徒必须发挥其在全社会的影响 ,以便为他们做什么好。 他们必须“出盐瓶。”基督教孤立主义不是圣经。

    4. 一个潜在的问题:盐一般不会失去它的咸味,它不会成为惰性。 化学讲,盐是盐。 它不打破,除非它是不纯或化学变化。 3似乎耶稣提出不可能的条件。 然而,这种语言是不是外国耶稣的教导(例如,骆驼无法通过眼针山19:24])。 具有讽刺意味的​​是语句或似是而非,不感面对它,这使得它令人难忘的暂停使听者或读者的声明,并考虑更加紧密。 “多么荒谬盐失去了咸味!”因此,听众或读者,应该认识到,盐,王国的公民不应该失去他们的“品味”,也就是,他们在世界上的影响力。 盐一样,他们不能成为联合国咸。 这种想法是荒谬的。

    5. 一个潜在的结果:

      1. 没有良好的,未能履行自己的目的 ,不辜负自己的责任。

      2. 被赶出去,践踏下的脚不需要盐,通常会被抛出路径或道路。

    6. 应用程序:

      1. 小心免得你失去了鲜明的基督教的“味道”一样成为得救的人群。 基督徒谁是其他人一样,都是在一定意义上的“没出息”,值得责罚 他们不鲜明,很少有正面的影响。 他们走在人群中,从来没有制止罪恶。

      2. 以色列是完美的例子,已经失去了其品味的盐和一无是处,被赶出去,践踏(玛8:12)。

      3. 一般来说,基督教教会今天已经失去了它的咸味。 许多段,尤其是在自由和繁荣的国家,基督教信徒是如此世俗,他们有一些非基督徒分开的识别标志。 教会对西方世界的影响逐渐淡化。 值得庆幸的是,基督教在世界许多地方,有一个显着的影响。

牧师3点16分, 那么,因为你的艺术温水,也不冷也不热,我将spue你从我嘴里。

    1. 耶稣是不是意味着非咸的信徒可能失去他的救恩 这是一个警告,而不是威胁。 此外,请记住,智慧文学,你可以不按字面意思的话太远。 主要点比较集中,而不是对每一个小小的细节和细微差别。

    2. 比较的要点:留住你的福音见证人的证词,并在世界上是一个很好的例子给他人;有一个对社会的影响是不同的(在一个良好的意义上);寻求延缓道德沦丧;寻求是一种积极的影响。

  1. “你们是世上的光。”

    1. 意义:光照明 ,驱散黑暗,显示方式,真情流露,等盐虽然有负面作用(预防蛀牙),光有积极的作用(显示方式)。

    2. 就是光“(若一1:5),耶稣是真光,照亮世界上每个人,来到。”(约翰一书1:9)。 耶稣自称“光明世界”(约翰福音8:12,9:5),所以它的显着,他的弟子说:“你是世界的光。”相比之下,世界是一个黑暗的地方。 世界各国人民的“在黑暗中坐”(路加福音1:79),“男人爱黑暗,而不是光,因为他们的行为是邪恶的”(约翰3:19)。

光在“圣经”是一个普遍的象征 它代表着纯洁,真理,知识,神圣的启示,神的存在,相反,它们的对立面。 以色列人认为自己作为一个黑暗的世界灯(以赛亚书42:6;罗2点19分)。 但旧约弥赛亚发言的世界真光(以赛亚书42:6; 49:6)。 耶稣的门徒是在派生意义上的灯,月亮是一盏灯,但不仅是因为它反映了太阳的光。

    1. 比较点:一盏灯是可见的,很明显,明显的;闪耀。 王国的公民是“世界的光。”他们必须是显而易见的,可见,引人注目。 可以有这样的事情没有秘密或无形的基督徒。

    2. 正面的例子

      1. 位于山顶的一个城市不能被隐藏,它是可见的,明显的,清楚长途看到,尤其是在夜间。

      1. 上灯台一盏照亮所有的房子。

    1. 一个反面的例子:根据“蒲式耳”(粘土干燥食品的容器,通常一个碗或花瓶,持有约2加仑)把一盏灯。 这是显而易见如此荒谬的,它永远不会发生。 一盏灯,上灯台显示 6 ,以便它可以发光了它的光。

    2. 命令:“让你的光照耀在人前。”那些拥有光传输或闪耀光。 一盏灯是在一个房间里,基督的门徒是在世界。 基督的追随者都可见,容光焕发。

[信徒]灯点亮。 他是太阳。 他们像月亮反射太阳的光。 除了基督,他们就不能发光。 电灯泡本身不发射光线中的所有。 只有当连接并打开它赋予光,因此,它在电源内部产生的电流传输。 所以也只要基督的追随者,在生活接触仍然与原来的光他们是给别人的光(参见约翰15时04分,5)。 7

    1. 其结果是:

      1. 人们看到你的好作品。

        1. 假设是,耶稣的国度的公民行善。 他没有指明是什么样的好作品,比其他人可能会发现那种。

        2. 后来耶稣告诉我们不要做宗教作品(慈善,祈祷,斋戒)在人前,他们看到(见山6:1,5,16)。 一个不应该做的好的作品,获得个人声望或地位,但是是一个很好的见证。 这样的基督徒的见证,应该是清晰可见,但应做非常安静的私人宗教职责。

      2. 人荣耀神。 这是没有保证的,不信你的好作品的基础上转向神,但它确实表明,可能有助于领导他人基督信徒的好作品。 读以弗所书5:8-9,腓2:15。

良(CAD 200)中写道:“但它主要是一个爱的那么高尚的事迹,导致许多人把我们一个品牌。 “看,”他们说,'他们如何[基督徒]彼此相爱,他们的[非基督徒]动画相互仇恨;看到他们是如何准备,甚至一死他人“( 道歉三十九) 8

“照亮角落,你在哪里。”

结论:我们的承诺是我们社会中的盐和光。 盐,我们要对道德沦丧的“味道”的来源,我们的世界是一个力量。 轻,我们必须提出在一个黑暗的世界中​​闪耀明亮与福音讯息,并以积极的基督徒的见证。

1有趣,注意:伟大的传教士戴维·利文斯通的尸体被从非洲运回英格兰后,他的死亡食盐包装。

2 R。 肯特·休斯, ,78 讲道

3有人认为,当时 ​​的盐往往不纯,在一定条件下的盐本身会滤走了,留下一个毫无价值的残留物。 这可能是真实的,但似乎过于复杂的比喻。

4汤姆警员, 警员的汤姆说明性“圣经”(Galaxie软件,2003年,2003年),山5时14分。

5单词“蜡烛”(CUV),是指小,便携灯,粘土船烧橄榄油,没有一支蜡烛。

6灯台可能是一个现成的延伸,从中心的房间(支柱,支持大的平屋顶横梁),或一块石头从墙上凸出向内,或一块金属显眼地放置和使用中的支柱与此类似。 这个时候,许多房屋都是相当简单,只有一个或两个房间,一盏灯可以照亮整个建筑。 威廉·亨德里克森和西蒙J. Kistemaker,卷。 9, 新约述评。

7威廉·亨德里克森和Simon J. Kistemaker,第一卷。 9, 新约述评。

8在威廉亨德里克森西蒙J. Kistemaker,卷的报价。 9, 新约述评。

第2课:“八福(太5:1-12)

山上宝训

第1部分:王国主题 ​​(玛5:3-16)

基督的王国公民的性格和幸福感

开始在山上宝训的八福,报表耶稣王国居民的幸福。

  1. 设置(山5:1-2;路加福音6:17-19)

    1. 马修的说教和卢克的纪录纪录的内容非常相似。 1,毫无疑问,两位作家都记录相同的说教。 我们不能完全排除,耶稣宣讲两次相同的说教的想法,但似乎不太可能。

    2. 调和这两个帐户的一个问题是,马修说,讲道发生时耶稣“成山”(5:1),而路加说耶稣“下来,他们站在平原”(6:17) 。 可能的解决方案:

      1. 耶稣进山,但发现了一个级别当场发言。 “纯”的字面意思是“一级的地方,”甚至可以在山上发现的。 和在该地区的山更象小山。 然而,这并不说明如何耶稣“下来。”

      2. 也许卢克没有​​提到耶稣进山之前给予讲道。 耶稣“降临”(路),然后“上升”(山)晚些时候。 文本不说,发生这种情况,但它可能有。

  2. 主题和背景

    1. 八福是收集祝福耶稣在山上宝训的开始发言。 有其他至福(“有福......”),但是这是“圣经”中最详尽的清单。

    2. 这些陈述称为至福的基础上的“福地”一词的拉丁语翻译- ??进行针锋相对D,意思是“完美的幸福” 2然而,“福地”一词是不完全的代名词幸福是一个“快乐”。 感觉来得快,去的情况而定。 “福地”一词是长期的祝贺和建议。 这里的祝福是基于对上帝的批准 ,而不是暂时的幸福感。 字“,是指以压倒性的独特的宗教喜悦归男子,从他的拯救神的国度中的份额。” 3 (比较诗32:1)。麦克阿瑟描述为“神赐予的福祉得天独厚的条件只属于忠实的 ​​。“ 4

    3. 这些素质是能够被人羡慕和效仿他们的美好生活。“每一个原因,指出,没有人会是输家按照这种生活方式,但没出息的,它可能在短期内出现。 奖励是精神的经验和与神的关系,而非物质补偿水平。 系列打开,并得出结论,关键短语,是他们是天国 这是指的人承认他们的国王,谁的神的可能,因此,自信地期待在他们的生活,以实现他的目的。

    4. 请注意这些自相矛盾的陈述看似不合逻辑的性质,以及如何,他们与世界的幸福观的对比 在耶稣的王国,它不富裕,强大,和自私的享受上帝的批准,但低垂,温柔,仁慈。 外部条件比他更重要的是一个人的内心态度。

    5. 八福是比刚刚更多的描述。 他们应该激励我们追求每个语句的祝福。 此外,声明更像是比简单的事实声明的感叹词。 “如何祝福......!”的想法。

    6. 什么样的人享受上帝的批准? 什么神在一个人的价值? 什么类型的人神? 有什么特点描述那些栖息基督的国度? 神在他的人有什么价值呢? 的至福回答这些问题。

  3. 至福的特点和基督的王国公民的幸福感(玛5:1-12)

山5:1-2耶稣坐下来教。 通常在这个年龄拉比坐在教而站在观众听。 有没有达成共识,就这个发生。 它可能是一座山,或只是一个小山丘。 有一个地方上的传统说教发生在加利利海的东北方,但是这是不确定的。

八福中所反映的价值观站立一天的犹太领袖(文士,法利赛人)教形成了鲜明的对比 他们往往侧重于外部的标准和规则保鲜,而耶稣在这里着重内在的态度和承诺。 耶稣教导的素质是不是外部的,正式的宗教产品,但真正与神的关系。

    1. 是有福的穷人6精神:天国是他们的。

      1. 在加时赛中,“穷人”或“温顺”是上帝的被压迫人民的人,尽管如此,对他的信任解脱。 7因此,在精神的穷人是那些承认自己有没有天生的能力 ,请神。 穷人在精神也承认,他们必须完全依赖于上帝,而不是他们自己。 他们看到了自己精神上的破产,弱,打破神面前,没有提供,声称没有任何好处。

      2. 穷人在精神已成为他们的精神贫困相信。 他们已经意识到他们的苦难,并希望。 已被打破旧的骄傲。 他们已经开始哭了出来,“神阿,求你怜悯我这个罪人”(路加福音18:13)。 他们是痛悔的精神,在神的话语(以赛亚书66:2;比照57:15)颤抖。?? 他们意识到自己完全无助(罗马书7:24),期望没有从自我,从神的一切。

      3. 那些符合这种描述有(现在时)的天上王国的地方。 为了保存,人们必须认识到自己的精神破产和失败。

      4. 本声明禁止在我们的文化,是很常见的那种自信的骄傲 什么人今日自尊,自信的自我宣传,积极向上的自我形象背道而驰。

    2. 有福了,他们哀恸的,因为他们必得安慰。

      1. 这里的上下文表明哀悼发生作为一个承认他的精神,即poorness,他的精神贫困和后完全依赖上帝。 哀悼者是破碎,沮丧,和负担。 生活中的任何令人痛心的局面可能导致哀悼,但在精神上的穷人认识到是最悲伤的原因。

      2. 虽然耶稣没有指明是谁做的安慰,似乎是合理的, 上帝是一个哀悼者带来舒适。 神近了那些寻求他悲痛(诗34:18;詹姆斯4:8-10读)倍。

      3. 耶稣是伟大的大祭司,是谁能够同情我们的弱点,有经验的人的悲哀自己(来4:14-16)。

    3. 温柔的人有福,因为他们必承受地土。

      1. 这也许是最至福援引。 它也是一个具有讽刺意味的语句,它似乎不太合理,令我们奇怪。 耶稣似乎喜欢在转动的表和颠覆传统智慧的时间。 这是一个近似诗篇37:11的报价。

      2. 温柔是谦卑温柔,相反,自力更生的骄傲。 它几乎是与精神贫困的代名词。

      3. 温柔并不意味着一个从未站起来为自己或一个允许别人滥用他。 温柔是把上帝的信心,而不是在自己的结果。

      4. 温柔不是懦弱,是摆在每一个微风准备低头的人的特点。 它是下挑衅顺从 ,愿意而遭受比造成伤害。 谁爱和关心他的手温柔的人离开了一切。

      5. 耶稣形容自己的“温顺和贫贱在心脏”(玛11:29)。 基督的追随者也将表现出这一特点。

      6. 当温柔的将继承地球? 从某种意义上说,他们现在 (太6:33;哥林多前书3点21分)。 但这一承诺,充分体现等待基督的千年统治和永恒的状态。

      7. 温柔是非常罕见的 ,在我们的文化特点。 我们往往重视那些把自己前进,坚持自己的人。 世界似乎属于自豪,雄心勃勃。 但在基督的国度,温顺继承地球。

    4. 他们是有福的义的饥渴:他们应当填写。

      1. 上帝批准那些有很深的精神食欲不振 ,谁愿意住一个正直的生活。 生命是不公正和不公平的,但上帝保佑那些有强烈的个人欲望义。

      2. 相比之下,我们的世界可能难以更加突出。 大多数人都很少考虑个人的正义,让自己多道德的灵活性。 但上帝给了我们一个公义的神的客观标准,他本人和他的话。

      3. 那些谁渴望正义将被填补。 也就是说,他们将遇到他们寻求真理的仁义。 这是结果的理由 ;上帝宣告罪人受到正义的。 救世军得到充分的精神上的满足。

      4. 正义的生活,是一个正义站在上帝面前的自然和必然结果。 这两个是分不开的。

    5. 怜恤人的人有福了,因为他们必蒙怜恤。

      1. 怜悯扣留应有的惩罚(参诗103:10)。 慈悲是为那些在苦难和对罪人的宽容精神的爱。 它包含的亲切的感觉和善意的行为 我们看到它体现在寓言好撒玛利亚人(路加福音10),特别是在基督里,仁慈的大祭司(希伯来书2:17) 10 。每个人经历神的怜悯。

      2. 仁慈的人对他人的怜悯(玛18:23-35)。 必须是仁慈的人经历神的怜悯。 仁慈的人同情那些失败和下降。

      3. 有趣的是,耶稣放在怜悯正义。 那些要求坚持一个正义的标准可能会变得铁石心肠,不灵活,和要求。 但我们正义的愿望,必须结合慈爱和理解。

    6. 人是有福的清心的,因为他们必得见神。

      1. 阅读诗篇24:3-4。 清心的建议的真实性 ,而不是放在表演上,不是生活的谎言,不虚伪,但真诚。 这也意味着一心一意奉献给上帝。 一个人的动机是纯洁和真诚,而不是把上。

      2. 此外,在清心的建议从罪中通过信仰神的供应和保持一个持续的愿望的“帐户”清洁向内清洗

      3. 一个人的内心必须是干净的,以“见神。”从罪的清洁,只有通过基督的血中的应用。 只有那些经历基督的清洁能力会受到欢迎,到神的存在。

      4. 我们再次看到了一个真正的,内在的, 个人与神的关系的重要性。 我们应该定期求神搜索我们的心和清洁我们从罪(诗139:23-24;约翰一书1:9)。 此外,当里面是干净的,纯度外不会远远落后于(山23时26分)。 这是一个错误,以期望从那些心中没有罪洁净的外部纯度。

    7. 使人和睦的人有福了,因为他们必称为神的儿女。

      1. 缔造者试图带来平静和秩序的混乱局面。 和平缔造者与神内心的和平与渴望成为神的和平的工具 通过信仰基督(罗5:1)在经历了神的和平,缔造和平的努力去帮助别人知道上帝的和平。

      2. 这样的人反映了父亲的特点。 上帝通过基督与我们的和平。 上帝是最终的和平制造者。 这样,我们像神,我们的关系,他(加3:26,4:6-7)。

      3. 一些启动的麻烦和冲突,我们叫他们闹事。 和平缔造者做正好相反,他们发起的和平和秩序。

      4. 耶稣不主张和平的任何价格的态度。 耶稣说,他可能会导致冲突和迫害(太10:34-36)。

    8. 他们为义受逼迫的人有福了:是他们的天国。

      1. 耶稣是一个为义受逼迫的终极范例。 那些跟随耶稣倡导的核心价值观,可以预期的迫害。

      2. 显示这些特质的人,自然会脱颖而出,在一个邪恶的文化,将成为批评和滥用的目标。

    9. 是有福时,男性应咒骂你,你们,逼迫你们,并为我的缘故,应当说,所有对您的邪恶方式虚假。 飘柔,超过高兴:你在天上的赏赐是大的,你们以前的先知,也是这样逼迫他们。

      1. 注意从“他们”改变“你”,这变得更加个人。 一个被迫害“为了正义”和“为我的缘故,”没有政治或社会原因(玛10:22)。

      2. 这是一个相当普遍的想法,在犹太人中间,所有的苦难,包括迫害(见路加福音13:1-5),是上帝的不满,并表示特别邪恶的折磨。 基督在这里推翻了这一观点,但只涉及那些忍受为了义和迫害基督的原因11

      3. 妥善应对迫害欢欣,很高兴,因为你的奖励是在天上。 你是公司良好的,这就是他们如何对待先知(如耶利米,丹尼尔和朋友,阿莫斯等)。 阅读行为的5点41分。

      4. 当你住耶稣描述这里的方式,未保存的世界不会欣赏它。 但神不欣赏它,和那些在遭受这种方式可以是一个伟大的回报有信心。

我们必须珍惜什么神值。 如果你想享受神的祝福,这些态度和行为,必须存在于我们的生活。 耶稣的王国所有公民应努力将此教学。

注意耶稣的心相依,温柔,向往正义,慈悲,真实性,纯洁性的内在素质的重视。 这些都不是东西,可能只是把上。 他们的内在品质,而不是外部的传统。 耶稣毫无疑问正在采取的外在和法利赛人的形式主义,这也是今天很常见的信教群众之间的如此普遍的目的。

1卢克马修的犹太读者( 太5:17-42)。忽略了特殊利益的各项事宜,以及其他事项,他本人将给予在其他地方( 例如:路加福音11:1-4; 12:22-31);而卢克有几个句子(版本24-26,38-40),这是不马修。 罗伯逊, 和谐的福音

2 兰登书屋的删节词典 ,©兰登书屋公司2006。 Dictionary.com删节(V 1.1)。

3 新约神学词典 (5-9 Vols.编辑格哈德·弗里德里希研究所10罗纳德·皮特金编制;编辑格哈德·基特尔等,电子版;大急流城,MI:。。Eerdmans,1964-c1976 ),4:367。

4约翰·麦克阿瑟, 麦克阿瑟研究圣经:新美国标准圣经 (纳什维尔:托马斯·纳尔逊出版,2006年),山5:3。

5 DA卡森, 新圣经注释:21世纪版 (修订版:新的圣经评注第三版/编辑由D.格思里,JA Motyer 1970年,第四版;莱斯特,英国,镇静剂树丛,虐待。。 ,美国间大型出版社,1994),山5时03分。

6 (??)“穷”字的主要意义上意味着一个人是完全贫困,被剥夺的每一个自我支持的手段,减少一个乞讨;无奈和无力。

7 DA卡森, 新的圣经注释。

8威廉·亨德里克森和Simon J. Kistemaker,第一卷。 9, 新约述评。

9威廉·亨德里克森和Simon J. Kistemaker,第一卷。 9, 新约述评。

10威廉·亨德里克森和Simon J. Kistemaker,第一卷。 9, 新约述评。

11威廉·亨德里克森和Simon J. Kistemaker,第一卷。 9, 新约述评。

Lesson 1: Introduction to the Sermon on the Mount

The Sermon on the Mount is recorded in Matthew 5-7 and Luke 6. It is one of the most beloved, well known, and frequently quoted portions of the Bible. It's also the longest single unit of Jesus' personal teaching recorded in Scripture, “the most concentrated yet comprehensive portion of His ethical teaching.” 1 Some think of it as “the most profound section of the entire New Testament and the whole Bible, … the most penetrating section of God's Word.” 2 Unfortunately, it's also a very misunderstood passage. Thus, it is beneficial for believers to carefully and thoughtfully study the Sermon. Our goal should be not only to learn what Jesus said and meant, but also to apply the lessons from the Sermon on the Mount to our own lives personally.

We'll be studying the Sermon from Matthew's account (mostly). Before launching out into a detailed study of the Sermon itself, it may be beneficial to consider some introductory matters.

  1. 定义:在山上宝训是什么? 讲道记录可能不包含耶稣当时说的一切。 这可能冷凝或可能持续一个小时或更长的时间教学会议纪要(记录在新台币,讲道只需要几分钟的时间阅读)。 这是常见的,在历史上为教师(拉比)在显眼的地方坐下,他的弟子聚集在他周围,并教点。 这讲道设置。

  2. 文学风格:登山宝训旧约智慧文学常见的,就像箴言,尤其是书籍的阅读。 这一点很重要,像旧约智慧文学,在山上宝训中包含诗意的材料,一定要仔细和周到的解释。 如果我们寻求适用于严格的字面解释途径,我们将最终切断我们的手,拔了我们的眼睛,并给我们所有的财产,除其他事项外。 讲道包含犹太人的时候,熟悉的意境,和现代口译员应牢记这一点,因为他们寻求解释耶稣的话。

  3. Theme: The unifying theme of the Sermon is the kingdom of heaven . Matthew places the sermon immediately after two verses insisting that the primary content of Jesus' preaching was the gospel of the kingdom (4:17, 23). This theme brackets the Beatitudes (5:3, 10) and appears in 5:17-20, which details the relation between the OT and the kingdom. It returns at the heart of the Lord's Prayer (6:10), climaxes the section on kingdom perspectives (6:33). 3 While some of his listeners recognized Jesus as the King, others must be exhorted to enter the kingdom (7:13-14) and to evaluate whether they are genuine citizens of Jesus' kingdom (7:21-29). As a summary, we can suggest that the Sermon describes the character, requirements, and conditions of entering and living in the kingdom.

  4. The Audience: Whom did Jesus intend as the audience of the Sermon?

    1. The disciples . This would include the twelve as well as a good number of others.

Mt 5:1 And seeing the multitudes, he went up into a mountain: and when he was set, his disciples came unto him.

    1. The multitude . Jesus often taught his disciples while others listened (Luk 20:45). Perhaps only a small group of disciples gathered to listen when Jesus began speaking, but by the time He finished, many people had joined them.

Mt 7:28 And it came to pass, when Jesus had ended these sayings, the people were astonished at his doctrine:

    1. 因此,我们找到一些直接只适用于信徒和一些以不信的材料。

  1. 解读:人们可以发现至少有十几种不同的方案,各组在整个历史的教堂,用来解释和适用山上的讲道。 这表明,它不是一件容易的通过了解。 耶稣的话似乎直截了当的和明确的,但讲道周到的考虑,就会发现其教学和了解的一些报表的难度深处。

    1. 有些国家已经采取的讲道中一种木然文字的方式,让隐喻表达或诗意的意象。 如果你的右眼使你的欲望,你真的应该拔掉它。 和平主义者(例如,阿米什)耶稣的命令,“不抵抗邪恶”,禁止任何形式的自卫和/或军事接触。

    2. 罗马天主教会在历史上作为神职人员(俗人)标准应用的讲道。 这设置了双重标准。

    3. Lutherans have suggested that the Sermon is Jesus' exposition of the OT law , and His intent was to drive men to repent of sin and cry for grace. 4 While the Sermon certainly may have this impact, the overall theme of the Sermon goes beyond this.

    4. Some have argued that the ethic of the Sermon on the Mount is a sort of moral road map toward social progress. This is the view of classic liberalism. But the Sermon is far more than a list of rules and regulations. And we cannot apply Jesus' teaching to society without the citizens of society being members of Jesus' kingdom.

    5. Some see the Sermon as a description of how to enter the kingdom. They suggest that those who obey Jesus' teaching will be saved. Such an approach amounts to salvation by works , which obviously contradicts the rest of the NT. “It is evident from the clear teaching of the rest of the New Testament that the Lord's purpose was not to address the unbelieving world in this discourse to show them the way of life, either individual or social.” 5

    6. Some see the Sermon as a description of how church life ought to be. However, the church is never mentioned here—no clear gospel presentation, no baptism, no indwelling or baptism of the Holy Spirit, no prayer in Christ's name—no mention of the church at all. Further, Jesus taught these principles well before the church existed. No one in the original audience would have been thinking about life in the church while they listened to Jesus' address.

    7. Similarly, a common approach is to think of the Sermon as a description of essential Christian discipleship . One could look at it as “the outward manifestations of character and conduct of the true believer and genuine disciple,….the greatest statement of true Christian living” 6 St. Augustine, for example, described it as “a perfect standard of the Christian life.” 7 This comes close, but seems to neglect the kingdom implications of the Sermon. Further, if the Sermon is meant to describe the normal Christian life, most Christians come far short.

    8. Dispensationalists have held various positions on the Sermon.

      1. Some dispensationalists hold that the Sermon applied specifically only to the original audience when Jesus was offering the kingdom to Israel. 8

      2. Some hold that the Sermon applies until the beginning of the millennial kingdom, during the interim period between the first and second advents. 9

      3. Some hold that the standards of the Sermon applied only to the future millennial reign of Christ, not to the church age. Many dispensationalists today would affirm that the Sermon's primary application awaits the millennial reign of Christ, but they would also assert that the Sermon applies to believers today. 10

It seems obvious that some aspects of the Sermon do not fit a millennial kingdom context. Pentecost notes that “the presence of evil and evil men, the existence of poverty, famine, hunger, and need, are all contrary to the predictions made in the Old Testament concerning the character of the kingdom. … We thus conclude that the Sermon on the Mount cannot be made to apply to conditions on the earth after the establishment of the [millennial] kingdom.” 11

    1. 也许说教,最好的办法是看它描述耶稣生活在王国 (见下面这个概念的定义)。 这是不是说明如何进入基督的国度,但对于不信的邀请进入(玛7:13-14)和指导那些已经是他的王国的一部分。 此外,如上所述,讲道包含诗意的材料必须仔细和周到的解释。 这似乎不大可能,严格文字应用的讲道是耶稣在头脑里。 讲道有更多的共同点比旧约智慧文学与现代报纸报道。

如果我们引进讲道马太福音4:17,那么也许在山上宝训的消息可以捕获的短语,“这意味着悔改,属于天国。” 12

山4时17分从那时候耶稣开始传教,并说,你们应当悔改:为天国在手。

请注意以下几个原因讲道适用于今天的信徒: 13

  1. 耶稣希望他的听众, 服从他的教学(见7:24-28)。

  2. 在通道或其他任何地方的任何建议,耶稣说的是不是适用于原始的观众或后代。

  3. Jesus commissioned his disciples to go into all the world and preach the gospel and to teach converts to observe whatever Jesus had commanded (Mt 28:18-20). Part of what Jesus commanded is found in the Sermon.

  4. The rest of the NT repeats many of the themes from the Sermon, which suggests that the material applies to church-age believers.

  1. The Kingdom: In order to make sense of the Sermon, we must determine what Jesus meant by “the kingdom.”

    1. As noted above, references to the kingdom abound in the Sermon: Matt 5:3, 10, 19, 20, 6:10, 13, 33, 7:21. Thus, we must seek to understand what Jesus had in mind. What is Christ's “kingdom”?

      1. God is a universal king over all creation (Acts 17:24). This is not the kingdom Christ has in mind here.

      2. The kingdom Jesus has in mind is the earthly , physical, literal kingdom of God mediated by the Messiah—the Messianic kingdom, the rule of Christ on the throne of David. This is the kingdom the Jews of Jesus' day were expecting. This is the kingdom Jesus announced was “at hand” (Mt 3:2, 4:17). Jesus Himself is the king in God's kingdom, and where He reigns, there the kingdom of God is already present. So it seems that the first coming of Christ initiated the kingdom.

      3. The earthly, millennial kingdom is obviously not currently in operation, or at least not fully operational. Jesus is not reigning over the earth from the throne of David in Jerusalem. The promises from the OT have not yet been fulfilled. The Jews rejected Jesus as their king and Messiah. The kingdom, in its fullest sense, has not come yet. This facet of the kingdom is still future.

      4. While the full expression of the kingdom awaits Jesus' return, the kingdom has been initiated or inaugurated by Jesus. There seems to be more than one phase or expression of Christ's kingdom. Between the first and second comings of Christ, the “ mystery ” form of the kingdom prevails (see Mt 13). This phase of the kingdom may be thought of as Jesus' spiritual reign over His people. Today, one enters the kingdom by being born again (John 3:3-7; Col 1:13). Believers are citizens of Christ's kingdom, but not in a physical, earthly sense, but in the sense of Christ's spiritual reign or rule over his people. Christ is king, and believers enter his kingdom when they get saved. 14

Note on the kingdom : It's important for us to recognize that certain elements of kingdom life await the millennial reign of Christ. The physical aspects of kingdom life—reigning with power, overthrowing enemies, ruling over a land and a people, etc.—awaits a future time. Some Christians seek to apply the promises from the earthly, physical, Messianic kingdom (the millennium) to the church age. This is a mistake. The mystery form of the kingdom overlaps with the church age, but the church and the kingdom are not identical.

    1. Thus, the Sermon pertains to Christ's kingdom, whether the present mystery form of it or the future millennial form. Certain elements of the Sermon seem to apply more directly to the present and other parts to the future. In any case, Christians of any age should thoughtfully seek to apply the principles from the Sermon.

Note the Quote: [T]he Sermon on the Mount … is intended for the guidance of regenerate persons in an unregenerate world. And because the gifts and empowerment of the Gospel are his who trusts and serves His Lord, these words of Christ stand. Their revelation has never been withdrawn: they set forth the true standard of Christian morality. They describe the conduct produced by the life of Christ in His believing people: they abide in full moral applicability to us: they are [timeless] and reveal the moral laws upon which the judgments of the Day of Christ are founded. Thus they should be studied and taken to heart by the follower of Christ who would learn of Him who is meek and lowly in heart. 15

  1. Overview of the Sermon on the Mount — see the title page 16

Conclusion: Jesus' Sermon on the Mount calls all His followers to a very high level of discipleship. Anyone claiming to be a follower of Christ must seriously consider how well he is obeying Jesus' words here. Living the Sermon on the Mount means, fundamentally, submitting to the authority of Jesus. It means coming to Him, taking His yoke, and learning from Him (Mt 11:28-30). 17

The Sermon on the Mount is a profound and rich passage, the “greatest of all sermons having to do with human conduct.” 18 In the following weeks, we'll be looking in depth at this Sermon and seeking to understand what Jesus said, what He meant, and how we should respond. Every student would benefit from reading through the Sermon (Matthew 5-7) as we progress.

1 Harry A. Sturz, “The Sermon on the Mount and Its Application to the Present Age,” Grace Journal Volume 4 (Grace Seminary, 1963; 2002), 4:3.

2 R。 肯特, 在山上宝训休斯:16:王国 (交叉口图书,2001年惠顿,伊利诺伊州)的消息

3 解释者的圣经注释。

4 MacArthur asserts that the Sermon is “a masterful exposition of the law and a potent assault on Pharisaic legalism.” The MacArthur Study Bible (Dallas: Word Publishing), 1997.

5 J. Dwight Pentecost, “The Purpose of the Sermon on the Mount,” Dallas Theological Seminary, Bibliotheca Sacra Volume 115 (Dallas Theological Seminary, 1958; 2002), 115:130.

6 Liberty University Bible Commentary

7 Hughes, The Sermon on the Mount , 15. Augustine likely coined the title “Sermon on the Mount” for this passage.

8 J. Dwight Pentecost reflects this position. “[T]he Sermon on the Mount is to be connected with the offer of the kingdom to Israel at the first advent of Christ, so that its primary application is to that day and time, and must be so interpreted.” Bibliotheca Sacra Volume 115 (Dallas Theological Seminary, 1958; 2002), 115:212.

9 Tom Constable, Expository Notes on the Bible , reflects this position.

10 Ryrie asserts that the “primary fulfillment of the Sermon and the full following of its laws” relates to “either the offering or the establishment of the Millennial kingdom.” Dispensationalism (Chicago: Moody, 1995), 100. He affirms that the Sermon is applicable and profitable for believers of this age.

11 Sturz , Grace Journal Volume 4 (Grace Seminary, 1963; 2002), quoting Dwight Pentecost, “The Purpose of the Sermon on the Mount,” Bibliotheca Sacra (April, 1958), p. 135。 Sturz gives a long list of conditions mentioned in the Sermon that do not seem to fit with a millennial context. Both Sturz and Pentecost are dispensationalists.

12 Following Deffinbaugh/Ellis. www.bible.net

13 From Sturz, Grace Journal 4:3.

14 The spiritual kingdom “refers to the kingdom into which all believers have been placed (Col. 1:13), and it is entered by the new birth. The Ruler is Christ; in this concept of the kingdom He rules over believers only; and the relationship exists now.” Ryrie, Basic Theology , 398.

15 CF Hogg and JB Watson, On the Sermon on the Mount (London: Pickering & Inglis Ltd., 3rd printing, 1947), pp. 18,19. Quoted in Struz.

16 This scheme follows the breakdown from the NIV Study Bible notes with the main sections coming from Deffinbaugh/Ellis. Some modifications by the author.

17 Deffinbaugh/Ellis.

18 HA Ironside, Expository Notes on the Gospel of Matthew (New York: Loizeaux Bros., Inc., Bible Truth Depot, 1943), p. 44。 Quoted in Sturz, Grace Journal 4:3.

山上宝训

Repent: for the kingdom of heaven is at hand.” (Mt 4:17)

内容:

  1. Introduction: Background and Interpretation

Part 1: The Subjects of the Kingdom (5:3-16)

  1. The Beatitudes (5:1-12)

  2. Salt and Light (5:13-16)

Part 2: The Precepts of the Kingdom (5:17–5:48)

  1. The Fulfillment of the Law (5:17-20)

  2. Murder (5:21-26)

  3. Adultery and Divorce (5:27-32)

  4. Oaths (5:33-36)

  5. Retribution (5:37-42)

  6. Love for Enemies (5:43-48)

Part 3: The Righteousness of the Kingdom (6:1-7:12)

  1. Giving to the Needy (6:1-4)

  2. Prayer and Fasting (6:5-18)

  3. Treasure in Heaven (6:19-24)

  4. Worry (6:25-34)

  5. Judging Others (7:1-6)

  6. Ask, Seek, Knock (7:7-12)

Part 4: The Tests of the Kingdom (7:13-29)

  1. Straight Gates and False Prophets (7:13-20)

  2. A Warning about False Profession, the Blessedness of Obedience, and Epilogue (7:21-29)

资源:

Robert Deffinbaugh, “The Sermon on the Mount,” Biblical Studies Press, 2006. www.bible.org.

William Hendriksen and Simon J. Kistemaker, New Testament Commentary , vol. 9。 (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1973).

R. Kent Hughes, The Sermon on the Mount: The Message of the Kingdom (Wheaton: Crossway, 2001)

Jeff Miller, “The Sermon on the Mount” sermon series. http://www.bible.org

Others as noted

This material produced in 2008 by Brad Anderson , Liberty Baptist Church, Antigo, WI.

Matthew 23:24: “Straining at Gnats”

strain-at-gnat The KJV states “ Ye blind guides, which strain at a gnat, and swallow a camel.” (Matthew 23:24) What does this passage mean? One little preposition, “at,” causes some confusion and has led to some inaccurate interpretations.

Various Interpretations Based on “Strain At.”

The following interpretations are not comprehensive.

Interpretation 1 : A common interpretation. Seeking to preserve the term “at,” those who interpret this add the phrase “the discovery of” to make sense of the translation. The Pharisees would “strain (the wine) at (the discovery of) a gnat.”

Interpretation 2 : Matthew Henry's Commentary: Suggesting that the phrase means to look intensely at, says: “In their practice they strained at gnats, heaved at them, with a seeming dread, as if they had a great abhorrence of sin, and were afraid of it in the least instance…”

Interpretation 3 : “Strain at a gnat” is the wrong reading. It should have been translated “strain out” to mean that the blind guides strain gnats out of their wine. They major on the minors by avoiding drinking something unclean, but at the same time, they drink down an unclean camel.

Meaning of “Straining”

The crux of the matter lies in what the verb means. Does the verb mean to “strain at” as if intently looking at something. Or, does it mean something entirely different?

Why the KJV translators translated the Greek Word, diulitzo, as “strain at” is not clear at all. This word has nothing to do with looking at a gnat. The Greek word means to “strain out, filter.” It is used in this passage as “straining out” or “filtering” gnats out of wine. This word never has the idea of “looking at” as the second interpretation suggests.

While one can make a case for the first interpretation, it is a forced interpretation that requires the addition of “the discovery of” to make sense of the passage. Readers of the KJV would not come to that conclusion unless this was explained to them. So, we prefer to let the Greek word to stand on its own. It is a more clear and precise translation to say: “You blind guides! You strain out a gnat but swallow a camel.” (NIV)

The History of “Strain At.”

There is no explanation why the KJV translators chose “strain at” instead of the easier, normal reading “strain out.” Is this the way people spoke in 1611? Some suggest that is the case. However, no other contemporary English translation supports the 1611 KJV translation. Note the following:

1525-6 AD: Tyndale, “Ye blinde gydes which strayne out a gnat and swalowe a cammyll.”

1599 AD: Geneva, “Ye blind guides, which strain out a gnat, and swallow a camel.”

Even the Oxford English Dictionary states that “strain at” was misunderstood by Shakespeare himself. It would certainly be a “violent effort” on the part of a blind man to look intensely at a gnat. However, the idea of “straining to see a gnat” is not involved at all. It simply means to strain gnats out of wine.

What then does the passage mean and how does it apply?

It is human nature to focus on the technical aspects of a verse and miss the overall point. We should not simply leave this passage with a discussion of “It doesn't mean this, it means that.” There is a great truth here that must not be missed. Even though a clarification must be made, the ultimate importance is what does the passage mean and what significance is there for me?

In probably the harshest series of denouncements, Jesus “blasts” the Pharisees worship at the temple. From an Old Testament legal perspective, the Pharisees brought all of the right things and the right amount for their tithe. In all, their gifts were perfectly acceptable. Any grain, fruit, or vegetable was appropriate for temple tithes (Lev 27:30). The Pharisees, given to extremism, collected offerings of mint (leaves), dill and cummin (seeds). The more common grains, fruits and vegetables would have satisfied the tithe, but the Pharisees were given to the minutest detail. The problem is that while they were given to counting seeds and leaves, they lacked the most obvious–justice, mercy and faithfulness (v 23) What is easier? Is it easier to focus on details that require only accounting skills, or giving oneself to the more difficult, germane matters–extending justice, mercy and faithfulness? Clearly, satisfying the rituals of worship are easier dealing with issues of the heart. Jesus pronounces judgment on the Pharisees for counting seeds rather than dealing with matters of the heart.

Verse 24 introduces another parallel illustration. Using hyperbole, Jesus pronounces judgment on the Pharisees for their meticulous care with gnats when they were actually swallowing a camel. As mentioned above, the verb “strain out” indicates that the Pharisees were straining gnats out of wine. Wine was also an acceptable tithe (Numbers 15:5ff). Gnats were drawn to alcoholic beverages like wine. In those days, wine was strained through cloths to remove the gnats. Apart from being a distasteful item, gnats were considered unclean (Lev 11:20; Dt 14:129). It was their practice to filter the unclean gnats out of the wine before presenting it as an offering.

Using a deliberate exaggeration, Jesus pronounces judgment on the Pharisees for taking care that they do not defile themselves by drinking down a very small insect while they were willing to “drink down” another unclean animal, the camel.

The point is, the Pharisees prided themselves on following the Law to its most minute details while overlooking the evil intentions of their heart. Jesus, exercised His omniscience and saw that their perfectly, painstaking details to present acceptable offerings did not match their hearts. These Pharisees were evil men content with external ritualism. As one commentator notes, this is a “man who has lost all sense of moral proportion.” (Arthur Robertson, Matthew )

结论

We all know at least one person who “has lost all sense of moral proportion.” How many have we seen make a profession of Christ then leave over some minor issue. It is very possible that person's profession was false. Did that person leave a church simply because the carpet was changed? Did that person abandon regular assembly with others simply because another version was being used? Did that person leave his brothers and sisters in Christ because he found a hypocrite? That person needs the application of this verse!

Another error that we should reject is the lack of diligent study of the Word of God. God's Word is wholly and completely important, even down to the very prepositions. Some believers say “I have a simple faith. This kind of discussion is 'straining at a gnat.'” As seen above, this is not what the verse means. To suggest that we ought not get the prepositions right, undermines the importance of studying God's Word. Genuine Bible expositors are not interested in a Pharisaical approach to the Scriptures. They want people to understand exactly what God intended. Do not reject exegetical preaching/teaching as if it is some kind of Pharisaical approach.

Some simply point out errors in the King James Bible. However, for us to simply state that the preposition “at” is wrong and not explore the context of this passage is Pharisaical. This passage is a warning to us all. God knows our hearts. Our religious exercises, no matter how meticulously performed, are worthless if our motives, intents and actions are evil.


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